Cluster analysis of medical students' attitudes regarding people who use drugs: a first step to design a tailored education program.

Introduction: People with substance use disorder (SUD) deal with stigmatization in various areas of life, including healthcare system. In this study, we investigated the attitudes of final-year medical students towards SUD people and attempted to understand their influence.

Methods: We conducted a two-stage cluster analysis (hierarchical ascending classification followed by K-means clustering) based on the "beSAAS".

Exploratory Factor Analysis of a French Adapted Version of the Substance Abuse Attitude Survey among Medical Students in Belgium.

To evaluate the impact of a new Substance Use Disorder (SUD) education program on medical students' attitudes, we selected the Substance Abuse Attitude Survey (SAAS) questionnaire, which we adapted to our curriculum and cultural context. To validate this adapted version, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis following the administration of our 29-item bSAAS questionnaire to 657 medical students in Belgium (response rate: 71.1%).

Effect of personalized home-based support for pregnant women on pregnancy outcomes: a cluster randomized trial.

Background: Anemia during pregnancy has been linked to higher maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of individualized home-based care for pregnant women on pregnancy outcomes.

Methods: This was a cluster-randomized experiment done in Burkina Faso's Sindou health area between 2015 and 2016.

Factors influencing medical students' attitudes towards substance use during pregnancy.

Background: People with substance use disorder, and pregnant women especially, are subject to a lot of stigmas, which can prevent optimal accessibility and quality of care. In this survey, we investigated attitudes of final year medical students regarding substance use during pregnancy and identified the factors that influence these attitudes.

Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 and 2020 in Belgium using the short version of the "Substance Abuse Attitude Survey" questionnaire.

Prevalence and factors associated with anaemia in pregnant women in Cascades Region of Burkina Faso in 2012.

Introduction: anaemia in pregnancy is a public health concern in Burkina Faso. This study aims at identifying the factors associated with the prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women at a regional level in Burkina Faso.

Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study in the region called "Cascades", located at the Western part of Burkina Faso.

Effect of Personalized Support at Home on the Prevalence of Anemia in Pregnancy in Burkina Faso: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Burkina Faso has high prevalence of anemia in pregnancy (hemoglobin < 11 g/dL), despite the implementation of the WHO recommended guidelines. This study aimed to test the effects of personalized support for pregnant women at home on the trend of anemia prevalence in pregnancy. A cluster randomized trial was conducted from January 2015 to August 2016 at Sindou health district in Burkina Faso.

Incidence of catastrophic expenditures linked to obstetric and neonatal care at 92 facilities in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2015.

Background: In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), more than 93% of users must pay out of pocket for care. Despite the risk of catastrophic expenditures (CE), 94% of births in Lubumbashi are attended by skilled personnel. We aimed to identify risk factors for CE associated with obstetric and neonatal care in this setting, to document coping mechanisms employed by households to pay the price of care, and to identify consequences of CE on households.

A comparison of exclusive breastfeeding in Belgian maternity facilities with and without Baby-friendly Hospital status.

A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in Wallonia (the southern region of Belgium) in which a 20-question breastfeeding (BF) module was included in an immunization survey. The purpose of this paper is to compare exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) prevalences and BF practices for mothers giving birth in Baby-friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) and non-BFHI maternity facilities. A total of 557 mothers responded to BF questions when their child was 18-24 months old; 26.

Commercialization of obstetric and neonatal care in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A study of the variability in user fees in Lubumbashi, 2014.

Objective: In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, insufficient state financing of the health system produced weak progress toward targets of Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5. In Lubumbashi, almost all women pay out-of-pocket for obstetric and neonatal care. As no standard pricing system has been implemented, there is great variation in payments related to childbirth between health facilities and even within the same facility.

Parental separation and behaviours that influence the health of infants aged 28 to 32 months: a cross-sectional study.

Background: In Western countries, many children are affected by the separation of their parents. The study's main objective was to analyse the parental behaviours potentially influential for preschool children's health by family structure (parents together or separated).

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on data collected from examinations as part of free preventive medical consultations in the French Community of Belgium.

Impact of Moringa oleifera lam. Leaf powder supplementation versus nutritional counseling on the body mass index and immune response of HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy: a single-blind randomized control trial.

Background: To achieve effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) outcomes, adherence to an antiretroviral regimen and a good immunometabolic response are essential. Food insecurity can act as a real barrier to adherence to both of these factors. Many people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) treated with ART in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) are faced with nutritional challenges.

[Use of modern contraceptive methods in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: prevalence and barriers in the health zone of Dibindi, Mbuji-Mayi].

Introduction: This study aimed to determine modern contraceptive prevalence and the barriers to using modern contraceptive methods among the couples in Dibindi health zone, Mbuji-Mayi, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study from May to June 2015. Nonpregnant married women aged 15-49 years old at the time of the investigation, living in Dibindi health zone for two years and having freely consented to participate in the study were included.

Effectiveness of facility-based personalized maternal nutrition counseling in improving child growth and morbidity up to 18 months: A cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Burkina Faso.

The period from conception to 24 months of age is a crucial window for nutrition interventions. Personalized maternal counseling may improve childbirth outcomes, growth, and health. We assessed the effectiveness of facility-based personalized maternal nutrition counseling (from pregnancy to 18 months after birth) in improving child growth and health in rural Burkina Faso.

Emergency obstetric and neonatal care availability, use, and quality: a cross-sectional study in the city of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2011.

Background: While emergency obstetric and neonatal care (EmONC) is a proxy indicator for monitoring maternal and perinatal mortalities, in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), data on this care is rarely available. In the city of Lubumbashi, the second largest in DRC with an estimated population of 1.5 million, the availability, use and quality of EmONC are not known.

Parental separation: a risk for the psychomotor development of children aged 28 to 32 months? A cross-sectional study.

Background: In Western countries, about a quarter of children are affected by parental separation and a number of authors have previously investigated how familial structure impacts children's health. The purpose of the work: to analyze the psychomotor development of children aged 28 to 32 months based on family structure (parents together or separated), independently of the influence of socio-economic environment that is well documented. To analyse the psychomotor development of children younger than 3 years based on family structure (parents together or separated) independently of the influence of socio-economic environment that is well documented.

Better than nothing? maternal, newborn, and child health services and perinatal mortality, Lubumbashi, democratic republic of the Congo: a cohort study.

Background: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has a high rate of perinatal mortality (PMR), and health measures that could reduce this high rate of mortality are not accessible to all women. Where they are in place, their quality is not optimal. This study was initiated to assess the relationship between these suboptimal maternal, newborn and child health (MNCH) services and perinatal mortality (PM) in Lubumbashi, DRC's second-largest city.

Cereals and pulse-based ready-to-use therapeutic food as an alternative to the standard milk- and peanut paste-based formulation for treating severe acute malnutrition: a noninferiority, individually randomized controlled efficacy clinical trial.

Background: The cost of current standard ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) is among the major obstacles to scaling up community-based management of acute malnutrition (CMAM), an important child survival strategy. Identifying a cheaper alternative is a global public health priority.

Objective: We sought to compare the efficacy of soya-maize-sorghum RUTF (SMS-RUTF) with that of standard peanut paste-based RUTF (P-RUTF).

Not living with both parents is associated with more health- and developmental problems in infants aged 7 to 11 months: a cross sectional study.

Background: In Western countries, many children are affected by the separation of their parents. Our main objective was to assess the possible impact of parental separation family structure on certain aspects of somatic health in low-age children.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study based on data collected in the framework of free preventive medicine consultations in the French Community of Belgium.

[Incidence of rubella in 2010-2012 in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: data from the measles case-based surveillance system].

Introduction: No surveillance system or survey data on the congenital rubella syndrome are available in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This article describes the incidence of primary rubella infection between 2010 and 2012 based on the measles case-based surveillance system in Kinshasa.

Methods: Suspected cases of measles notified in Kinshasa between 2010 and 2012 were retrospectively analyzed.

Data quality assessment in the routine health information system: an application of the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling in Benin.

Health information systems in developing countries are often faulted for the poor quality of the data generated and for the insufficient means implemented to improve system performance. This study examined data quality in the Routine Health Information System in Benin in 2012 and carried out a cross-sectional evaluation of the quality of the data using the Lot Quality Assurance Sampling method. The results confirm the insufficient quality of the data based on three criteria: completeness, reliability and accuracy.

Parental separation and behaviours that influence the health of infants aged 7-11 months: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Analyse the parental behaviours that are recognised as influencing the health of very young children based on family structure (parents separated or not).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Free preventive medicine consultations in the French Community of Belgium.

Assessing the economic burden of illness for tuberculosis patients in Benin: determinants and consequences of catastrophic health expenditures and inequities.

Objectives: To inform policy-making, we measured the risk, causes and consequences of catastrophic expenditures for tuberculosis and investigated potential inequities.

Methods: Between August 2008 and February 2009, a cross-sectional study was conducted among all (245) smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients of six health districts from southern Benin. A standardised survey questionnaire covered the period of time elapsing from onset of tuberculosis symptoms to completion of treatment.

Epidemiology of injuries in Belgium: contribution of hospital data for surveillance.

Objectives: Investigating injuries in terms of occurrences and patient and hospital stay characteristics.

Methods: 17370 stays, with at least one E code, were investigated based on data from 13 Belgian hospitals. Pearson's chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to assess the variations between distributions of the investigated factors according to the injury's types.

Factors for viral infection in blood donors of South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Introduction: Assessing the knowledge, attitudes, practices and behaviors among blood donors in South Kivu and identify risk factors for viral markers.

Methods: A descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study involved 595 blood donors in the city of Bukavu (Head city of the province of South Kivu) in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.

Results: Our sample consisted of 70.