Inflow-modulated inputs of dissolved organic matter fuel carbon dioxide emissions from a large hyper-eutrophic lake.

Terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) is potentially reactive and, upon entering lake ecosystems, can be readily degraded to low-molecular-weight organic matter and dissolved CO. However, to date, there has been limited research on the links between long-term variation in the composition of DOM and CO emissions from lakes. Lake Taihu is a large, shallow, and hyper-eutrophic lake where DOM composition is strongly influenced by inputs from the rivers draining cultivated and urbanized landscapes.

A one-year hospital system review of plasma next-generation sequencing in a mixed population.

Objective: To describe the use of plasma next-generation sequencing (NGS) and determine if it provided additional information from routine tests or lead to change in antimicrobial management.

Design And Setting: This retrospective cohort study evaluated patients with a NGS test performed who were admitted to a hospital health system in the greater Houston area between May 2022 and May 2023.

Patients: In total, 143 NGS tests were ordered in the span of one year for 135 unique patients.

Brief communication: New method for measuring nitrogen isotopes in tooth dentine at high temporal resolution.

Objectives: Nitrogen isotopes (δN) are widely used to study human nursing and weaning ages. Conventional methods involve sampling 1-mm thick sections of tooth dentine-producing an averaging effect that integrates months of formation. We introduce a novel protocol for measuring δN by multicollector secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).

Newer Pharmacologic Treatments in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis for the American College of Physicians.

Background: Newer diabetes medications may have beneficial effects on mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, and renal outcomes.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness, comparative effectiveness, and harms of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP1) agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP4) inhibitors, and long-acting insulins as monotherapy or combination therapy in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Data Sources: MEDLINE and EMBASE for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published from 2010 through January 2023.

Cost-Effectiveness of Newer Pharmacologic Treatments in Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Cost-Effectiveness Studies for the American College of Physicians.

Background: In the United States, costs of antidiabetes medications exceed $327 billion.

Purpose: To systematically review cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) of newer antidiabetes medications for type 2 diabetes.

Data Sources: Bibliographic databases from 1 January 2010 through 13 July 2023, limited to English.

Changes in hospital mortality in patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic (ISARIC-CCP-UK): a prospective, multicentre cohort study.

Background: Patients with cancer are at greater risk of dying from COVID-19 than many other patient groups. However, how this risk evolved during the pandemic remains unclear. We aimed to determine, on the basis of the UK national pandemic protocol, how factors influencing hospital mortality from COVID-19 could differentially affect patients undergoing cancer treatment.

Why cost-effectiveness thresholds for global health donors should differ from thresholds for Ministries of Health (and why it matters).

Healthcare cost-effectiveness analysis is increasingly used to inform priority-setting in low- and middle-income countries and by global health donors. As part of such analyses, cost-effectiveness thresholds are commonly used to determine what is, or is not, cost-effective. Recent years have seen a shift in best practice from a rule-of-thumb 1x or 3x per capita GDP threshold towards using thresholds that, in theory, reflect the opportunity cost of new investments within a given country.

Is socioeconomic deprivation associated with worse quality of life, anxiety and depression in liver transplant recipients? A cross-sectional study in a national transplantation programme.

Objective: To identify whether socioeconomic deprivation is associated with worse health-related quality of life (HR-QoL), anxiety and depression following liver transplantation.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting And Participants: Liver transplant recipients within a national transplantation programme.

The prognostic impact of pre-treatment cachexia in resectional surgery for oesophagogastric cancer: a meta-analysis and meta-regression.

Background: Cancer cachexia is not purely an end-stage phenomenon and can influence the outcomes of patients with potentially curable disease. This review examines the effect of pre-treatment cachexia on overall survival, in patients undergoing surgical resection of oesophagogastric cancer.

Methods: A systematic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Library databases was conducted, from January 2000 to May 2022, to identify studies reporting the influence of cachexia on patients undergoing an oesophagogastric resection for cancer with curative intent.

Trial Participation and Outcomes Among English-Speaking and Spanish-Speaking Patients With Appendicitis Randomized to Antibiotics: A Secondary Analysis of the CODA Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Spanish-speaking participants are underrepresented in clinical trials, limiting study generalizability and contributing to ongoing health inequity. The Comparison of Outcomes of Antibiotic Drugs and Appendectomy (CODA) trial intentionally included Spanish-speaking participants.

Objective: To describe trial participation and compare clinical and patient-reported outcomes among Spanish-speaking and English-speaking participants with acute appendicitis randomized to antibiotics.

Educational impact and recommendations from implementation of student-led clinical trial recruitment: a mixed-methods study.

Medical students have an essential role in medical research, yet often lack opportunities for involvement within randomised trials. This study aimed to understand the educational impact of clinical trial recruitment for medical students. Tracking wound infection with smartphone technology (TWIST) was a randomised controlled trial that included adult patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery across two university teaching hospitals.

Recovery from Covid-19 critical illness: A secondary analysis of the ISARIC4C CCP-UK cohort study and the RECOVER trial.

Background: We aimed to compare the prevalence and severity of fatigue in survivors of Covid-19 versus non-Covid-19 critical illness, and to explore potential associations between baseline characteristics and worse recovery.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of two prospectively collected datasets. The population included was 92 patients who received invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) with Covid-19, and 240 patients who received IMV with non-Covid-19 illness before the pandemic.

A Qualitative Analysis of Eating Behaviors Among Food Insecure College Students.

Objective: To explore (1) how the cycle of food availability impacts food insecure college students' food-coping behaviors and (2) how access to a campus food pantry impacts food availability.

Methods: Qualitative, semistructured one-on-one interviews via Zoom were transcribed verbatim. Three investigators performed content analysis to identify and compare themes among participants with and without access to a campus food pantry.

Video Interviews and Surgical Applicants' Ability to Assess Fit to Residency Programs.

Introduction: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the recruitment cycle for the 2021 Match was performed virtually. This Association for Surgical Education (ASE)-sponsored survey set out to study applicants' ability to assess the factors contributing to fit through video interviews.

Methods: An IRB-approved, online, anonymous survey was distributed to surgical applicants at a single academic institution and through the ASE clerkship director distribution list between the rank order list certification deadline and Match Day.

Impact of Hypoalbuminemia on Ceftriaxone Treatment Failure in Patients With Enterobacterales Bacteremia: A Propensity-Matched, Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Ceftriaxone is frequently prescribed due to its convenience of dosing and robust antimicrobial activity. However, patients with hypoalbuminemia may experience suboptimal ceftriaxone exposure due to the high degree of protein binding. We aimed to evaluate the impact of hypoalbuminemia on treatment failure among hospitalized adults with Enterobacterales bacteremia who received ceftriaxone therapy.