The Value of Systemic Inflammatory Indices for Predicting Early Postoperative Complications in Colorectal Cancer.

: Systemic inflammatory indices have been largely investigated for their potential predictive value in multiple inflammatory, infectious, and oncological diseases; however, their value in colorectal cancer is still a subject of research. This study investigates the dynamics of pre- and postoperative values of NLR, PLR, SII, and MLR in patients with colorectal cancer and their predictive value for early postoperative outcomes. : A 2-year retrospective cohort study was performed on 200 patients operated for colorectal adenocarcinoma.

Immunotherapeutic Innovations in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Current Strategies and Future Directions.

Approximatively 80% of kidney cancers globally are clear cell kidney cancers (ccRCCs), with 80% of these malignancies featuring an inactivating mutation of the Von Hippel-Lindau gene. This genetic alteration leads to the stabilization of hypoxia inducible factors 1 and 2 alpha (HIF 1 and 2α), resulting in the over-expression of target genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is crucial for angiogenesis. As a result, ccRCCs are highly vascularized and serve as models for anti-angiogenic treatments (AAT).

A Comparative Analysis between Enhanced Recovery after Surgery and Traditional Care in the Management of Obstructive Colorectal Cancer.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) represents evidence-based transformation in perioperative care, which has been demonstrated to reduce both recovery times and postoperative complication rates. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical significance of the ERAS program in comparison with conventional postoperative care. This longitudinal cohort observational study enrolled 120 consecutive patients diagnosed with intestinal obstruction caused by colorectal cancers, with 40 patients in the ERAS group and 80 patients receiving conventional postoperative care forming the non-ERAS group.

Pelvic Exenteration in Advanced, Recurrent or Synchronous Cancers-Last Resort or Therapeutic Option?

First described some 80 years ago, pelvic exenteration remain controversial interventions with variable results and ever-changing indications. The previous studies are not homogenous and have different inclusion criteria (different populations and different disease characteristics) and methodologies (including evaluation of results), making it extremely difficult to properly assess the role of pelvic exenteration in cancer treatment. This study aims to describe the indications of pelvic exenterations, the main prognostic factors of oncologic results, and the possible complications of the intervention.

New Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches in Diabetic Microvascular Complications.

Diabetes mellitus is a major global health problem with an ascendant trend that makes it expected to reach up to 700 million cases by 2045 [...

Bevacizumab-Based Therapies in Malignant Tumors-Real-World Data on Effectiveness, Safety, and Cost.

Unlabelled: Overall, it is estimated that more than 3,500,000 patients have received Bevacizumab as part of systemic oncologic treatment. Bevacizumab and its biosimilars are currently marketed in over 130 countries. Given the wide usage of Bevacizumab in current oncological practice, it is very important to compare the "real-world" results to those obtained in controlled clinical trials.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy - A Systematic Review.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a modern concept that aims to improve the perioperative patient care by implementing an evidence-based, patient-centered team approach. This paper aims to analyze the outcome, variations and limits of the ERAS-protocols used for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We performed a systematic review on PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science to document the outcomes of applying various ERAS protocols in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

Integration of Ultrasound in Image-Guided Adaptive Brachytherapy in Cancer of the Uterine Cervix.

Cervical cancer continues to be a public health concern, as it remains the second most common cancer despite screening programs. It is the third most common cause of cancer-related death for women, and the majority of cases happen in developing nations. The standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer involves the use of external beam radiation therapy, along with concurrent chemotherapy, followed by an image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) boost.

Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Near-Infrared Indocyanine Green (NIR/ICG) in Lymphatic Mapping for Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.

As laparoscopy gained global popularity in oncologic surgery, the challenge of detecting lymph nodes spurred researchers to explore innovative techniques and approach the situation from a fresh perspective. While many proposed methods have faded into obscurity, the utilization of indocyanine green (ICG) in the surgical treatment of oncologic patients has continued to advance. The immense potential of this dye is widely acknowledged, yet its full extent and limitations in lymphatic mapping for colorectal cancer remain to be precisely determined.

Predictive Factors for Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomies in Acute Cholecystitis.

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard treatment in acute cholecystitis. However, one in six cases is expected to be difficult due to intense inflammation and suspected adherence to and involvement of adjacent important structures, which may predispose patients to higher risk of vascular and biliary injuries. In this study, we aimed to identify the preoperative parameters with predictive value for surgical difficulties.

Association Between Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) With Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the main causes of blindness worldwide, but an effective screening is challenging due to limited available retina specialists. Finding novel biomarkers could help clinical decision in prioritizing ophthalmological consultation in patients at risk of developing severe DR. This study aims to investigate the association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and the presence and severity of DR in patients with T2DM.

Tips and Tricks for a Successful Literature Review as Part of Medical Career Development.

The literature review is a direct consequence of the increased volume of scientific information, becoming a necessity not only for the medical field. Such material, properly done, is of great use to any professional who wishes to keep abreast of the latest knowledge and concepts. The proposed goal is to help and guide resident doctors, doctoral students, and young researchers in understanding the concepts that are the basis of conducting a literature review and acquiring the generally accepted methodology for conducting it.

When Not to Operate on Acute Cases-A Surgeon's Perspective on Rapid Assessment of Emergency Abdominopelvic Computed Tomography.

Clinical problem solving evolves in parallel with advances in technology and discoveries in the medical field. However, it always reverts to basic cognitive processes involved in critical thinking, such as hypothetical-deductive reasoning, pattern recognition, and compilation models. When dealing with cases of acute abdominal pain, clinicians should employ all available tools that allow them to rapidly refine their analysis for a definitive diagnosis.

Morphometric study in thyroid tumors.

Various morphonuclear studies using digital image analysis have been taken into account in order to establish the malignancy of thyroid lesions based on their size and on the chromatographic characteristics of tumor cell nuclei. Nuclear morphometry involves the measurement of nuclear parameters to obtain diagnostically important information in an objective and reproducible manner. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the detailed morphometric analysis of histopathological preparations with lesions of the thyroid gland and to investigate its role in differentiating between benign and malignant thyroid lesions.

Variability of Sentinel Lymph Node Location in Patients with Trunk Melanoma.

(1) Background: Melanoma is one of the most aggressive types of neoplasia, and the management of this pathology requires a correct staging, as well as a personalized modern oncological treatment. The main objective of the study is to determine the variability of the lymphatic drainage for patients with melanomas located on the trunk and, secondarily, to determine the features of individuals who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) depending on the exact location on the trunk. (2) Methods: This retrospective, observational, single-center study included 62 cases of trunk melanoma operated between July 2019 and March 2023, in which SLNB was performed and a total of 84 lymph nodes were excised.

When Critical View of Safety Fails: A Practical Perspective on Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

The incidence of common bile duct injuries following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) remains three times higher than that following open surgery despite numerous attempts to decrease intraoperative incidents by employing better training, superior surgical instruments, imaging techniques, or strategic concepts. This paper is a narrative review which discusses from a contextual point of view the need to standardise the surgical approach in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomies, the main strategic operative concepts and techniques, complementary visualisation aids for the delineation of anatomical landmarks, and the importance of cognitive maps and algorithms in performing safer LC. Extensive research was carried out in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Elsevier databases using the terms "difficult cholecystectomy", "bile duct injuries", "safe cholecystectomy", and "laparoscopy in acute cholecystitis".

The Value of White Cell Inflammatory Biomarkers as Potential Predictors for Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM).

The pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy is still challenging, with recent evidence proving the key role of inflammation in the damage of the retinal neurovascular unit. This study aims to investigate the predictive value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and systemic inflammation index (SII) for diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its severity. We performed a retrospective study on 129 T2DM patients, divided into three groups: without retinopathy (NDR), non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR).

Transabdominal Preperitoneal Versus Lichtenstein Procedure for Inguinal Hernia Repair in Adults: A Comparative Evaluation of the Early Postoperative Pain and Outcomes.

Inguinal hernia repairs are one of the most common procedures in general surgery. In addition to classical open surgery, laparoscopic techniques, such as transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) and total extraperitoneal (TEP) hernia repair, have gained acceptance and are increasingly used for inguinal hernia repairs, and these three techniques are the only standards for inguinal hernia repairs. This study aimed to compare the results of inguinal hernia repairs in adult patients using the TAPP patch technique and Lichtenstein techniques regarding the level of pain perceived one day after surgery and the number of days of hospitalization.

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Diabetic Retinopathy-Current Knowledge and Future Therapeutic Targets.

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the major causes of blindness today, despite important achievements in diagnosis and therapy. The involvement of a gut-retina axis is thought to be a possible risk factor for several chronic eye disease, such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, uveitis, and, recently, diabetic retinopathy. Dysbiosis may cause endothelial disfunction and alter retinal metabolism.