A gut instinct for childhood leukemia prevention: microbiome-targeting recommendations aimed at parents and caregivers.

Childhood leukemia accounts for 30% of all pediatric cancer cases with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) being the most common subtype. Involvement of the gut microbiome in ALL development has recently garnered interest due to an increasing recognition of the key contribution the microbiome plays in maintaining the immune system's homeostatic balance. Commensal gut microbiota provide a first line of defense against different pathogens and gut microbiome immaturity has been implicated in ALL pathogenesis.

Socioeconomic position interacts with the genetic effect of a CRP gene common variant to influence C-reactive protein values.

Objectives: C-Reactive Protein (CRP) values are partly determined by variation at the CRP gene locus, but also influenced by socioeconomic position (SEP) and related lifestyle factors. As gene-by-SEP interactions have been suggested for traits associated with CRP and SEP (e.g.

Low income, being without employment, and living alone: how they are associated with cognitive functioning-Results from the German national cohort (NAKO).

Aim was to investigate to what extent cognitive functioning differs by three socioeconomic conditions: low income, being without employment, and living alone. A total of N = 158,144 participants of the population-based German National Cohort (NAKO) provided data on socioeconomic conditions and completed cognitive tests. Multivariable confounder-adjusted regression analyses indicated that cognitive functioning was lower in those with low income (b = -0.

Organizational change: challenges for workplace psychosocial risks and employee mental health.

Background: Constant organizational change is the norm in many companies today. At present, evidence on the impact of organizational change on psychosocial risks at work and employee mental health is limited. We investigate organizational change and its association with psychosocial risks and mental health in three consecutive surveys covering 12 years.

Comparative Phenotyping of Mice Reveals Canonical and Noncanonical Physiological Functions of TRα and TRβ.

Thyroid hormone (TH) effects are mediated through TH receptors (TRs), TRα1, TRβ1, and TRβ2. The TRs bind to the DNA and regulate expression of TH target genes (canonical signaling). In addition, they mediate activation of signaling pathways (noncanonical signaling).

Web-based occupational stress prevention in German micro- and small-sized enterprises - process evaluation results of an implementation study.

Background: Structural and behavioral interventions to manage work-related stress are effective in employees. Nonetheless, they have been implemented insufficiently, particularly in micro- and small-sized enterprises (MSE). Main barriers include a lack of knowledge and limited resources, which could potentially be overcome with simplified web-based alternatives for occupational stress prevention.

The role of sociodemographic, psychosocial, and behavioral factors in the use of preventive healthcare services in children and adolescents: results of the KiGGS Wave 2 study.

Background: In Germany, various preventive services are offered to children and adolescents. These include regular standardized examinations (so called U/J examinations) and several vaccinations. Although strongly recommended, most of them are not mandatory.

The role of mesolevel characteristics of the health care system and socioeconomic factors on health care use - results of a scoping review.

Background: Besides macrolevel characteristics of a health care system, mesolevel access characteristics can exert influence on socioeconomic inequalities in healthcare use. These reflect access to healthcare, which is shaped on a smaller scale than the national level, by the institutions and establishments of a health system that individuals interact with on a regular basis. This scoping review maps the existing evidence about the influence of mesolevel access characteristics and socioeconomic position on healthcare use.

A longitudinal analysis of health inequalities from adolescence to young adulthood and their underlying causes.

Research suggests that children of low-educated parents face greater health burdens during the passage from adolescence to young adulthood, as they are more likely to become low-educated themselves, establish behavioural and psychosocial disadvantages, or being exposed to unhealthy working conditions. However, studies examining the development and drivers of health inequalities during this particular life stage are limited in number and have produced varied results. This study investigates trajectories of self-rated health and overweight from 14 to 25 years of age, stratified by parental education, and explores the role of potential mediators (educational achievement, health behaviours, psychosocial factors, working conditions).

LncRNA U90926 is dispensable for the development of obesity-associated phenotypes in vivo.

Obesity is a global health problem characterized by excessive fat accumulation, driven by adipogenesis and lipid accumulation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been implicated in regulating adipogenesis and adipose tissue function. Mouse lncRNA U90926 was previously identified as a repressor of in vitro adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.

The effects of effort-reward imbalance on the job, overcommitment, and income on life satisfaction in Germany from a longitudinal perspective.

Background: The effort-reward imbalance at work model offers a theoretical and analytical framework to estimate the subjective perception of work-related stress. High demands and low rewards in return can harm mental and physical health, well-being, and life satisfaction. According to the theory, overcommitment partially explains why employees endure such straining jobs.

Hypothalamic free fatty acid receptor-1 regulates whole-body energy balance.

Objective: Free fatty acid receptor-1 (FFAR1) is a medium- and long-chain fatty acid sensing G protein-coupled receptor that is highly expressed in the hypothalamus. Here, we investigated the central role of FFAR1 on energy balance.

Methods: Central FFAR1 agonism and virogenic knockdown were performed in mice.

[Long Working and Commuting Times as Risk Factors for Depressive Symptoms: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses].

Regular long working and commuting hours are thought to have negative consequences for mental health. However, the study results are not clear and vary by country. The present analysis examines associations between working or commuting hours and depressive symptoms in Germany.

Health inequalities among young workers: the mediating role of working conditions and company characteristics.

Objective: Few studies have investigated health inequalities among young workers. The objectives of this study are to assess the extent of health inequalities in a sample of job starters and to explore the contribution of job demands and organisational factors.

Methods: We analyze data from the BIBB/BAuA Youth Employment Survey 2012.

Associations of Migration, Socioeconomic Position and Social Relations With Depressive Symptoms - Analyses of the German National Cohort Baseline Data.

We analyze whether the prevalence of depressive symptoms differs among various migrant and non-migrant populations in Germany and to what extent these differences can be attributed to socioeconomic position (SEP) and social relations. The German National Cohort health study (NAKO) is a prospective multicenter cohort study (N = 204,878). Migration background (assessed based on citizenship and country of birth of both participant and parents) was used as independent variable, age, sex, Social Network Index, the availability of emotional support, SEP (relative income position and educational status) and employment status were introduced as covariates and depressive symptoms (PHQ-9) as dependent variable in logistic regression models.

[Occupational differences of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in Germany. An analysis of health insurance data from 3.17 million insured persons].

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, occupation was assumed to play a central role in the occurrence of infection and disease. For Germany, however, there are only a few studies that analyse occupational differences in risk of COVID-19, COVID-19-associated hospitalisation, and mortality.

Methods: The study uses longitudinal health insurance data from the research database of the Institute for Applied Health Research (InGef) with information on 3.

AOX delays the onset of the lethal phenotype in a mouse model of Uqcrh (complex III) disease.

The alternative oxidase, AOX, provides a by-pass of the cytochrome segment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain when the chain is unavailable. AOX is absent from mammals, but AOX from Ciona intestinalis is benign when expressed in mice. Although non-protonmotive, so does not contribute directly to ATP production, it has been shown to modify and in some cases rescue phenotypes of respiratory-chain disease models.

Self-rated health of university students in Germany-The importance of material, psychosocial, and behavioral factors and the parental socio-economic status.

Introduction: Health inequalities start early in life. The time of young adulthood, between late teens and early twenties, is especially interesting in this regard. This time of emerging adulthood, the transition from being a child to becoming an adult, is characterized by the detachment from parents and establishing of an own independent life.

Maternal obesity damages the median eminence blood-brain barrier structure and function in the progeny: the beneficial impact of cross-fostering by lean mothers.

Maternal obesity is an important risk factor for obesity, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases in the offspring. Studies have shown that it leads to hypothalamic inflammation in the progeny, affecting the function of neurons regulating food intake and energy expenditure. In adult mice fed a high-fat diet, one of the hypothalamic abnormalities that contribute to the development of obesity is the damage of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) at the median eminence-arcuate nucleus (ME-ARC) interface; however, how the hypothalamic BBB is affected in the offspring of obese mothers requires further investigation.