Evaluation of longitudinal passive immunity transfer against lumpy skin disease virus in calves by different serological methods.

To implement effective lumpy skin disease (LSD) control measures, such as timely vaccination, particularly in calves and serological monitoring, it is necessary to evaluate immune response after vaccination, both in adult cattle and in their calves. The aim of this study was to evaluate passive immunity transfer and duration of maternal antibodies against lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in calves born to vaccinated cows by two different serological methods. The longitudinal study was carried out on two farms in Serbia where no cases were reported during LSD outbreak in 2016.

Pursuit of a method for single administration of pFSH for superstimulation in cattle: What we have learned.

A single dose protocol of FSH for superstimulation in cattle may improve compliance and superovulatory response. A single subcutaneous (sc) administration of pFSH was efficacious, but response depended on body condition and injection site; the adipose tissue pad behind the shoulder was most efficacious. Inconsistent results in Holsteins were partially overcome by sc administration of 75% of the total pFSH dose behind the shoulder on the first day followed by 25% 48 h later.

Heavy metals and PAHs in canned fish supplies on the Serbian market.

The aim of this study was to determine the level of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in 57 samples of canned tuna, 25 samples of canned sardines, and 16 samples of canned smoked sprouts, collected from supermarkets in Serbia. Heavy metal levels (lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, iron, copper, and zinc) were determined using an inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry method. Sixteen analysed PAHs were determined using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method.

Superovulation of beef cattle with a split-single intramuscular administration of Folltropin-V in two concentrations of hyaluronan.

Three experiments were designed to evaluate the superovulatory response of beef cows following two intramuscular (IM) administrations 48 h apart of Folltropin-V diluted in reduced concentrations of hyaluronan (Split-single IM administrations; Experiment 1-300 mg Folltropin-V on the first day and 100 mg 48 h later; Experiment 2-200 mg Folltropin-V on the first day and 100 mg 48 h later). In Experiments 1 and 2, superovulatory response and ova embryo/embryo production did not differ between donors receiving twice daily IM of Folltropin-V over 4 days and those given a Split-single IM administration of Folltropin-V diluted in 10 mg/mL hyaluronan solution. Experiment 3 compared Split-single IM administration of Folltropin-V diluted in two hyaluronan concentrations (5 or 10 mg/mL) with Folltropin-V diluted in saline and administered twice-daily over 4 days.

Superstimulation of ovarian follicular development in beef cattle with a single intramuscular injection of Folltropin-V.

The need to inject FSH twice daily for superstimulation of ovarian follicular development in cattle necessitates frequent attention by farm-personnel and increases the possibility of failures due to mishandling and errors in administration of treatments. A series of three experiments were designed to evaluate the feasibility of superstimulation in beef cattle with a single intramuscular (IM) injection of Folltropin-V diluted in a hyaluronan-based slow-release formulation (SRF). In Experiment 1, cows were assigned to one of three treatment groups to compare two methods of injection as compared to the twice daily IM injection protocol.

Vaccination with type III secreted proteins leads to decreased shedding in calves after experimental infection with Escherichia coli O157.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 remains a threat to humans via cattle-derived fecal contamination of food and water. Preharvest intervention strategies represent a means of reducing the pathogen burden before harvest. In this study, the efficacy of a commercially produced type III secreted protein (TTSP) vaccine was evaluated with the use of a commingled experimental calf infection model (30 placebo-treated animals and 30 vaccinates).

Serological response of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli type III secreted proteins in sera from vaccinated rabbits, naturally infected cattle, and humans.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important zoonotic pathogen, causing hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The colonization of cattle and human hosts is mediated through the action of effectors secreted via a type III secretion system (T3SS). The structural genes for the T3SS and many of the secreted effectors are located on a pathogenicity island called the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE).

The role of Tir, EspA, and NleB in the colonization of cattle by Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli O26:H11.

Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O26:H11 is an enteric pathogen capable of causing severe hemorrhagic colitis that can lead to hemolytic uremic syndrome. This organism is able to colonize cattle and human intestinal epithelial cells by secreting effectors via a type III secretion system (T3SS). In this investigation, we examined the role of 2 effectors, Tir and NleB, and the structural translocator component EspA in the adherence of STEC to epithelial cells and in the colonization of cattle.

New approaches to superovulation in the cow.

There is continuing need to simplify bovine superovulation protocols without compromising embryo production. The control of follicular wave emergence and ovulation has facilitated donor management, but the most commonly used treatment, oestradiol, cannot be used in many parts of the world and mechanical removal of the dominant follicle is difficult to apply in the field. Other alternatives include gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or LH, but efficacy in groups of randomly cycling animals is variable.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 vaccine dose-effect in feedlot cattle.

A clinical trial conducted during the summer of 2006 evaluated effects of two- and three-dose regimens of an Escherichia coli O157 vaccine product on the probability of detecting E. coli O157:H7 in feces and colonization of the terminal rectum. The three-dose regimen significantly reduced the probability for cattle to shed E.

Subcutaneous and intranasal immunization with type III secreted proteins can prevent colonization and shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in mice.

Type III secreted proteins from Escherichia coli O157:H7 are involved in the attachment of the organism to mammalian cells and have been shown to be effective vaccine components capable of reducing colonization of cattle by the organism. In the current study, we used a streptomycin-treated mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of subcutaneous vs intranasal administration of the vaccine. Following immunization, mice were infected with E.

Cross reactivity of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7-specific sera with non-O157 serotypes.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is an important food- and water-borne pathogen of humans, causing Hemorrhagic Colitis and Haemolytic Uremic Syndrome. Colonization of both cattle and human hosts is mediated through the action of effector molecules secreted via a Type III secretion system, a mechanism shared by other enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC).

Immune parameters in mares resistant and susceptible to persistent post-breeding endometritis: effects of immunomodulation.

Our objective was to characterize immune parameters in susceptible (SM) and resistant (RM) mares, with and without artificial insemination (AI) and immunomodulation. Eight RM and eight SM were selected based on their reproductive history and functional tests. Both groups of mares were evaluated during three consecutive cycles: Cycle 1, untreated cycle (control); Cycle 2, AI with dead semen; Cycle 3, AI with dead semen and immunomodulation.

Escherichia coli O157:H7 vaccine field trial in 9 feedlots in Alberta and Saskatchewan.

A feedlot trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of an Escherichia coli O157:H7 vaccine in reducing fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 in 218 pens of feedlot cattle in 9 feedlots in Alberta and Saskatchewan. Pens of cattle were vaccinated once at arrival processing and again at reimplanting with either the E.

Characterization of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus glycoprotein 5 (GP5) in stably expressing cells.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) induces apoptosis in cultured cells and in infected tissues of pig, and the GP5 protein was reported to be responsible. To study the role of apoptosis during PRRSV infection, we established a subline of HeLa cells stably expressing the PRRSV GP5 protein under an inducible promoter to prevent cell death that may result from GP5 expression. The expression of GP5 was confirmed upon induction by immunofluorescence, Western blot, and immunoprecipitation.

Decreased shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by cattle following vaccination with type III secreted proteins.

Cattle are an important reservoir of Escherichia coli O157:H7 leading to contamination of food and water, and subsequent human disease. This pathogen colonizes its hosts by producing several proteins such as Tir and EspA that are secreted by a type III secretion system. These proteins play a role in colonization of the intestine, suggesting that they might be useful targets for the development of a vaccine to reduce levels of this organism in cattle.

Endometrial IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha, mRNA expression in mares resistant or susceptible to post-breeding endometritis. Effects of estrous cycle, artificial insemination and immunomodulation.

Endometrial mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was assessed in mares resistant (RM) or susceptible (SM) to persistent post-breeding endometritis (PPBE). Eight RM and eight SM, were selected based on reproductive records and functional tests out of a herd of 2,000 light cross-type mares. Three experiments were done to study transcription patterns in (i) basal conditions; (ii) after artificial insemination (AI); and (iii) after administration of an immunomodulator at time of artificial insemination.