The Impact of Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, and Vitamin D Levels on Functional Outcome after First-Ever Ischaemic Stroke.

We explored the relationship between acute ischaemic stroke (IS) early functional outcome and serum levels of homocysteine, vitamin B12, and D in a noninterventional prospective clinical study. We enrolled 50 patients with first-ever IS and performed laboratory tests and functional assessment at three time points: on admission and three and six months after stroke. Modified Rankin Scale (mRS), NIHSS scale, and Barthel index (BI) scores were assessed in all participants by trained examiner blinded to laboratory data.

[Social cognition in schizophrenia].

Patients with schizophrenia display alterations in social cognition, as well as in the realm of neurocognition. It is still unclear to what extent these two cognitive domains represent two separate dimensions or different expressions of a unified deficit. Tasks used to assess social cognition subcomponents cover basic social cognition, such as mentalisation, data collection and making conclusions, source monitoring and characteristics of life-styles.

[Antiphospholipid syndrome in neurology].

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease with recurrent thromboses and pregnancy complications (90% are female patients) that can be primary and secondary (with concomitant autoimmune disease). Antiphospholipid antibodies are prothrombotic but also act directly with brain tissue. One clinical and one laboratory criterion is necessary for the diagnosis of APS.

[Mild cognitive impairment].

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a syndrome that spans the area between normal ageing and dementia. It is classified into amnestic and non-amnestic types, both with two subtypes: single domain and multiple domains. Prevalence of MCI depends on criteria and population and can vary from 0.

[Dementia and diabetes mellitus].

Dementia and Diabetes mellitus (DM) are major health problems nowadays. DM leads to a significant cognitive decline and increases the risk of dementia, mostly Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) by 50-100% and 100-150%, respectively. Amyloid beta (Abeta), the main pathogenic factor in AD development, is eliminated by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and degraded by insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) for which it competes with insulin.

[Constructional apraxia in patients with closed head injury].

Introduction: Constructional apraxia is a disorder characterized by an inability to join the elements into a unity. It has not been studied much in patients with closed head injury (CHI).

Methods: Forty-one patients with CHI were examined, of which 11 (26.

Is there a difference in risk factors for single and multiple symptomatic lesions in small vessel disease? What is the difference between one and plenty--experience from 201 Serbian patients.

Objectives/purposes: Small vessel disease (SVD) is associated with traditional vascular risk factors (RF). The aim of our study was to determine whether different SVD types, single lacunar infarction (LI) and multiple LI (MLI) with or without white matter lesions (WML), have different RF profiles.

Patients And Methods: Forty RF parameters were analysed in 201 consecutive patients with magnetic resonance imaging finding of SVD.

Cerebral small vessel disease in pseudoxanthoma elasticum: three cases.

Background: Cerebral small vessel disease is rarely described in association with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE), a hereditary connective tissue disorder with skin, eye and vascular manifestations. This autosomally inherited elastic tissue disease has been attributed to mutations in the ABCC6 gene located on chromosome 16p13.1.

[Vitamin B12 deficiency in neurology].

Vitamin B12 is vital compound that can not be synthesized by human organism so it is completely dependent on input from environment. Cobalamin is involved in many important cell processes revealing his deficiency in many tissues. Etiology of vitamin B12 deficiency is various.