Predicting preferred motorcycle riding postures to support human factors/ergonomic trade-off analyses within a multi-objective optimisation-based digital human model.

Digital human models (DHM) can predict how users might interact with new vehicle geometry during early-stage design, an important precursor to conducting trade-off analyses. However, predicting human postures requires assumptions about which performance criteria best predict realistic postures. Focusing on the design of motorcycles, we do not know what performance criteria drive preferred riding postures.

Reference values of physiological 18F-FET uptake: Implications for brain tumor discrimination.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to derive reference values of 18F-fluoro-ethyl-L-tyrosine positron emission tomography (18F-FET-PET) uptake in normal brain and head structures to allow for differentiation from tumor tissue.

Materials And Methods: We examined the datasets of 70 patients (median age 53 years, range 15-79), whose dynamic 18F-FET-PET was acquired between January 2016 and October 2017. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), target-to-background standardized uptake value ratio (TBR), and time activity curve (TAC) of the 18F-FET-PET were assessed in tumor tissue and in eight normal anatomic structures and compared using the t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test.

Outcome after Discontinuing Long-Term Benzimidazole Treatment in 11 Patients with Non-resectable Alveolar Echinococcosis with Negative FDG-PET/CT and Anti-EmII/3-10 Serology.

Background/aims: Benzimidazoles are efficacious for treating non-resectable alveolar echinococcosis (AE), but their long-term parasitocidal (curative) effect is disputed. In this study, we prospectively analyzed the potential parasitocidal effect of benzimidazoles and whether normalization of FDG-PET/CT scans and anti-Emll/3-10-antibody levels could act as reliable "in vivo" parameters of AE-inactivation permitting to abrogate chemotherapy with a low risk for AE-recurrence.

Method: This prospective study included 34 patients with non-resectable AE subdivided into group A (n = 11), followed-up after diagnosis and begin of chemotherapy at months 6, 12 and 24, and group B (n = 23) with a medium duration of chemotherapy of 10 (range 2-25) years.

Musculoskeletal imaging using fluoride PET.

The convenience of (18)F-fluoride imaging is undeniable both because of its favorable tracer and because of its technical characteristics, including high image quality and short examination times leading to increased patient comfort. Depending on the activity administered, the radiation dose to patients is about comparable to higher using (18)F-fluoride for bone imaging compared with conventional scintigraphy using 99mTc-methylene diphosphonate. In times of molybdenum shortage, (18)F-fluoride represents a good alternative to 99mTc-based bone tracers.

Bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw: comparison of disease extent on contrast-enhanced MR imaging, [18F] fluoride PET/CT, and conebeam CT imaging.

Background And Purpose: Imaging of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw is essential for surgical planning. We compared the extent of BONJ on contrast-enhanced MR imaging, [(18)F] fluoride PET/CT, and panoramic views derived from standard conebeam CT with clinical pre- and intraoperative examinations.

Materials And Methods: Between February 2011 and January 2012, ten subjects with written informed consent (9 women; mean, 69.

High bone turnover assessed by 18F-fluoride PET/CT in the spine and sacroiliac joints of patients with ankylosing spondylitis: comparison with inflammatory lesions detected by whole body MRI.

Background: This study compares the frequency and distribution of increased activity on 18 F-fluoride PET/CT with the presence of bone marrow edema on whole-body MR imaging in the spine and sacroiliac joints (SIJ) of patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods: Ten patients (6 men and 4 women), between 30 and 58 years old (median 44) with active AS, were prospectively examined with both whole-body MRI and 18 F-fluoride PET/CT. Patients fulfilled modified NY criteria and had a Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) of at least 4.

The value of 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging for sinonasal malignant melanoma.

The aim this study was to evaluate imaging findings using position emission tomography (PET) in combination with computed tomography (CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) in sinonasal malignant melanoma (SNMM) of the head and neck in a retrospective analysis of a consecutive cohort of patients. (18)F-FDG-PET/CT examinations were performed for initial staging and compared with CT or magnetic resonance tomography (MRI), and (18)F-FDG-PET alone. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively with regard to the location and the size of the tumor.

Assessment of successful incorporation of cages after cervical or lumbar intercorporal fusion with [(18)F]fluoride positron-emission tomography/computed tomography.

The purpose of this study is to assess the successful incorporation of cages in patients after cervical or lumbar intercorporal fusion with positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). Twenty patients (14 female and 6 male; mean age 58 years, age range 38-73 years) with 30 cervical (n = 13) or lumbar (n = 17) intercorporal fusions were prospectively enrolled in this study. Time interval between last intercorporal intervention and PET/CT ranged from 2 to 116 months (mean 63; median 77 months).

18F-FET PET/CT in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: an intra-individual comparison with 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic value of O-2-fluoro-18(F)-ethyl-L-tyrosine ((18)F-FET) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for patients with advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma compared with 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) PET/CT at initial staging and following radiochemotherapy.

Procedures: Thirteen patients were prospectively enrolled; each of them underwent an (18)F-FDG PET/CT and (18)F-FET PET/CT before treatment. Ten of those were scanned 10 weeks after treatment.

18F-fluoride PET/CT for detection of sacroiliitis in ankylosing spondylitis.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of (18)F-fluoride-PET/CT (PET/CT) for the diagnosis of sacroiliac joint (SIJ) arthritis in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods: Included in the study were 15 patients with AS according to the modified New York criteria (AS group) and with active disease and 13 patients with mechanical low back pain (MLBP; control group) who were investigated with whole-body (18)F-fluoride PET/CT. The ratio of the uptake in the SIJ and that in the sacrum (SIJ/S) was calculated for every joint.

Therapeutic impact of [(18)F]fluoride positron-emission tomography/computed tomography on patients with unclear foot pain.

Purpose: To evaluate the therapeutic impact of [(18)F]fluoride positron-emission tomography/computed tomography ([(18)F]fluoride PET/CT) imaging on patients with unclear foot pain.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients were prospectively included in this study. Therapeutic management was defined by two experienced dedicated foot surgeons before and after [(18)F]fluoride PET/CT imaging.

Limited value of 18F-FDG PET/CT and S-100B tumour marker in the detection of liver metastases from uveal melanoma compared to liver metastases from cutaneous melanoma.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to evaluate the value of (18)F-FDG PET/CT and S-100B tumour marker for the detection of liver metastases from uveal melanoma in comparison to liver metastases from cutaneous melanoma.

Methods: A retrospective evaluation was conducted of 27 liver metastases in 13 patients with uveal melanoma (UM) (mean age: 56.8, range: 30-77) and 43 liver metastases in 14 patients (mean age: 57.

Change in predicted 10-year cardiovascular risk following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Background: Bariatric surgery is being conducted more often for morbid obesity, but little evidence exists about how it affects the risk of future cardiovascular events. The goal of this study was to quantify the change in predicted 10-year cardiovascular risk following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP).

Methods: We conducted a prospective clinical study of morbidly obese adults undergoing LRYGBP at a university hospital in the USA.

The performance of computer-aided detection when analyzing prior mammograms of newly detected breast cancers with special focus on the time interval from initial imaging to detection.

Purpose: The clinical role of CAD systems to detect breast cancer, which have not been on cancer containing mammograms not detected by the radiologist was proven retrospectively.

Methods: All patients from 1992 to 2005 with a histologically verified malignant breast lesion and a mammogram at our department, were analyzed in retrospect focussing on the time of detection of the malignant lesion. All prior mammograms were analyzed by CAD (CADx, USA).

Learning styles vary among general surgery residents: analysis of 12 years of data.

Purpose: Understanding the learning styles of individuals may assist in the tailoring of an educational program to optimize learning. General surgery faculty and residents have been characterized previously as having a tendency toward particular learning styles. We seek to understand better the learning styles of general surgery residents and differences that may exist within the population.

Care of the bariatric surgery patient in the emergency department.

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United States, with an estimated 50% of adults meeting the definition of being overweight. As this condition has become more prevalent, bariatric surgery has become an increasingly accepted form of treatment of the severely obese. Patients who have had bariatric surgery are presenting more commonly to Emergency Departments as a result.

The impact of lesion vascularisation on tumours detection by electrical impedance scanning at 200 Hz.

Objective: Cancer cells exhibit altered local dielectric properties compared to normal cells. These properties are measurable as a difference in electrical conductance using electrical impedance scanning (EIS). EIS is at present not sufficiently accurate for clinical routine despite its technological advantages.

The adjacent vessel on dynamic contrast-enhanced breast MRI.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an adjacent vessel leading to an enhancing lesion seen on subtraction images can help differentiate malignant from benign breast lesions and therefore increase the specificity of breast MRI.

Materials And Methods: The study included 132 histologically verified lesions (71 malignant lesions, 10 pure carcinoma in situ, and 51 benign lesions) enhancing on dynamic breast MRI before biopsy. The lesions were evaluated by three radiologists in a double-blinded manner.

Application and assessment of a robust elastic motion correction algorithm to dynamic MRI.

The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of a new motion correction algorithm. Twenty-five dynamic MR mammography (MRM) data sets and 25 contrast-enhanced three-dimensional peripheral MR angiographic (MRA) data sets which were affected by patient motion of varying severeness were selected retrospectively from routine examinations. Anonymized data were registered by a new experimental elastic motion correction algorithm.

CAD for mammography: the technique, results, current role and further developments.

CAD systems, developed to assist the radiologist in the detection of suspicious lesions on mammograms, are currently controversially discussed. The highly sensitive detection of malignant structures including priors by CAD is linked with a low specific performance and a high rate of falsely positive markings. This causes controversial results regarding the effect of CAD systems for the diagnosing radiologist.

Differentiation of phyllodes breast tumors from fibroadenomas on MRI.

Objective: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the MRI appearance of phyllodes breast tumors and to differentiate them from fibroadenomas.

Materials And Methods: MR images were obtained on a 1.5-T imager.

Potential MRI interpretation model: differentiation of benign from malignant breast masses.

Objective: Our objective was to increase the accuracy of breast MRI using a semiquantitative analysis of typical MRI features and their diagnostic potential. The prevalence of recently reported MRI signs of breast lesions were analyzed and compared with other well-known signs.

Conclusion: New MRI features, especially from T2-weighted images, are promising for more reliable and accurate interpretation of breast lesions.