Identification and characterization of human GDF15 knockouts.

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is a secreted protein that regulates food intake, body weight and stress responses in pre-clinical models. The physiological function of GDF15 in humans remains unclear. Pharmacologically, GDF15 agonism in humans causes nausea without accompanying weight loss, and GDF15 antagonism is being tested in clinical trials to treat cachexia and anorexia.

A duplexed high-throughput mass spectrometry assay for bifunctional POLB polymerase and lyase activity.

Polymerase β (POLB), with dual functionality as a lyase and polymerase, plays a critical role in the base excision repair (BER) pathway to maintain genomic stability. POLB knockout and rescue studies in BRCA1/2-mutant cancer cell lines revealed that inhibition of lyase and polymerase activity is required for the synthetic lethal interaction observed with PARP inhibitors, highlighting POLB as a valuable therapeutic target. Traditional biochemical assays to screen for enzyme inhibitors focus on a single substrate to product relationship and limit the comprehensive analysis of enzymes such as POLB that utilize multiple substrates or catalyze a multi-step reaction.

Soliton gas: Theory, numerics, and experiments.

The concept of soliton gas was introduced in 1971 by Zakharov as an infinite collection of weakly interacting solitons in the framework of Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation. In this theoretical construction of a diluted (rarefied) soliton gas, solitons with random amplitude and phase parameters are almost nonoverlapping. More recently, the concept has been extended to dense gases in which solitons strongly and continuously interact.

New Classical Integrable Systems from Generalized TT[over ¯]-Deformations.

We introduce and study a novel class of classical integrable many-body systems obtained by generalized TT[over ¯] deformations of free particles. Deformation terms are bilinears in densities and currents for the continuum of charges counting asymptotic particles of different momenta. In these models, which we dub "semiclassical Bethe systems" for their link with the dynamics of Bethe ansatz wave packets, many-body scattering processes are factorized, and two-body scattering shifts can be set to an almost arbitrary function of momenta.

Exact Large-Scale Fluctuations of the Phase Field in the Sine-Gordon Model.

We present the first exact theory and analytical formulas for the large-scale phase fluctuations in the sine-Gordon model, valid in all regimes of the field theory, for arbitrary temperatures and interaction strengths. Our result is based on the ballistic fluctuation theory combined with generalized hydrodynamics, and can be seen as an exact "dressing" of the phenomenological soliton-gas picture first introduced by Sachdev and Young [Phys. Rev.

Emergence of Hydrodynamic Spatial Long-Range Correlations in Nonequilibrium Many-Body Systems.

At large scales of space and time, the nonequilibrium dynamics of local observables in extensive many-body systems is well described by hydrodynamics. At the Euler scale, one assumes that each mesoscopic region independently reaches a state of maximal entropy under the constraints given by the available conservation laws. Away from phase transitions, maximal entropy states show exponential correlation decay, and independence of fluid cells might be assumed to subsist during the course of time evolution.

Nonequilibrium Dynamics and Weakly Broken Integrability.

Motivated by dynamical experiments on cold atomic gases, we develop a quantum kinetic approach to weakly perturbed integrable models out of equilibrium. Using the exact matrix elements of the underlying integrable model, we establish an analytical approach to real-time dynamics. The method addresses a broad range of timescales, from the intermediate regime of prethermalization to late-time thermalization.

Thermalization of a Trapped One-Dimensional Bose Gas via Diffusion.

For a decade the fate of a one-dimensional gas of interacting bosons in an external trapping potential remained mysterious. We here show that whenever the underlying integrability of the gas is broken by the presence of the external potential, the inevitable diffusive rearrangements between the quasiparticles, quantified by the diffusion constants of the gas, eventually lead the system to thermalize at late times. We show that the full thermalizing dynamics can be described by the generalized hydrodynamics with diffusion and force terms, and we compare these predictions to numerical simulations.

Quantum Generalized Hydrodynamics.

Physical systems made of many interacting quantum particles can often be described by Euler hydrodynamic equations in the limit of long wavelengths and low frequencies. Recently such a classical hydrodynamic framework, now dubbed generalized hydrodynamics (GHD), was found for quantum integrable models in one spatial dimension. Despite its great predictive power, GHD, like any Euler hydrodynamic equation, misses important quantum effects, such as quantum fluctuations leading to nonzero equal-time correlations between fluid cells at different positions.

Generalized Hydrodynamics on an Atom Chip.

The emergence of a special type of fluidlike behavior at large scales in one-dimensional (1D) quantum integrable systems, theoretically predicted in O. A. Castro-Alvaredo et al.

Entanglement Content of Quasiparticle Excitations.

We investigate the quantum entanglement content of quasiparticle excitations in extended many-body systems. We show that such excitations give an additive contribution to the bipartite von Neumann and Rényi entanglement entropies that takes a simple, universal form. It is largely independent of the momenta and masses of the excitations and of the geometry, dimension, and connectedness of the entanglement region.

Hydrodynamic Diffusion in Integrable Systems.

We show that hydrodynamic diffusion is generically present in many-body, one-dimensional interacting quantum and classical integrable models. We extend the recently developed generalized hydrodynamic (GHD) to include terms of Navier-Stokes type, which leads to positive entropy production and diffusive relaxation mechanisms. These terms provide the subleading diffusive corrections to Euler-scale GHD for the large-scale nonequilibrium dynamics of integrable systems, and arise due to two-body scatterings among quasiparticles.

Soliton Gases and Generalized Hydrodynamics.

We show that the equations of generalized hydrodynamics (GHD), a hydrodynamic theory for integrable quantum systems at the Euler scale, emerge in full generality in a family of classical gases, which generalize the gas of hard rods. In this family, the particles, upon colliding, jump forward or backward by a distance that depends on their velocities, reminiscent of classical soliton scattering. This provides a "molecular dynamics" for GHD: a numerical solver which is efficient, flexible, and which applies to the presence of external force fields.

Large-Scale Description of Interacting One-Dimensional Bose Gases: Generalized Hydrodynamics Supersedes Conventional Hydrodynamics.

The theory of generalized hydrodynamics (GHD) was recently developed as a new tool for the study of inhomogeneous time evolution in many-body interacting systems with infinitely many conserved charges. In this Letter, we show that it supersedes the widely used conventional hydrodynamics (CHD) of one-dimensional Bose gases. We illustrate this by studying "nonlinear sound waves" emanating from initial density accumulations in the Lieb-Liniger model.

Diffusion and Signatures of Localization in Stochastic Conformal Field Theory.

We define a simple model of conformal field theory in random space-time environments, which we refer to as stochastic conformal field theory. This model accounts for the effects of dilute random impurities in strongly interacting critical many-body systems. On one hand, surprisingly, although impurities are separated by macroscopic distances, we find that the infinite-time steady state is factorized on microscopic lengths, a signature of the emergence of localization.

Monte Carlo method for critical systems in infinite volume: The planar Ising model.

In this paper we propose a Monte Carlo method for generating finite-domain marginals of critical distributions of statistical models in infinite volume. The algorithm corrects the problem of the long-range effects of boundaries associated to generating critical distributions on finite lattices. It uses the advantage of scale invariance combined with ideas of the renormalization group in order to construct a type of "holographic" boundary condition that encodes the presence of an infinite volume beyond it.

Consequences of Glycine Mutations in the Fibronectin-binding Sequence of Collagen.

Collagen and fibronectin (Fn) are two key extracellular matrix proteins, which are known to interact and jointly shape matrix structure and function. Most proteins that interact with collagen bind only to the native triple-helical form, whereas Fn is unusual in binding strongly to denatured collagen and more weakly to native collagen. The consequences of replacing a Gly by Ser at each position in the required (Gly-Xaa-Yaa) Fn-binding sequence are probed here, using model peptides and a recombinant bacterial collagen system.

The large intracellular loop of hZIP4 is an intrinsically disordered zinc binding domain.

The human (h) ZIP4 transporter is a plasma membrane protein which functions to increase the cytosolic concentration of zinc. hZIP4 transports zinc into intestinal cells and therefore has a central role in the absorption of dietary zinc. hZIP4 has eight transmembrane domains and encodes a large intracellular loop between transmembrane domains III and IV, M3M4.

Entanglement entropy of highly degenerate States and fractal dimensions.

We consider the bipartite entanglement entropy of ground states of extended quantum systems with a large degeneracy. Often, as when there is a spontaneously broken global Lie group symmetry, basis elements of the lowest-energy space form a natural geometrical structure. For instance, the spins of a spin-1/2 representation, pointing in various directions, form a sphere.

Spatial variability of climate effects on ischemic heart disease hospitalization rates for the period 1989-2006 in Quebec, Canada.

Background: Studies have suggested an association between climate variables and circulatory diseases. The short-term effect of climate conditions on the incidence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) over the 1989-2006 period was examined for Quebec's 18 health regions.

Methods: Analyses were carried out for two age groups.

The potential impact of climate change on annual and seasonal mortality for three cities in Québec, Canada.

Background: The impact of climate change and particularly increasing temperature on mortality has been examined for three cities in the province of Québec, Canada.

Methods: Generalized linear Poisson regression has been fitted to the total daily mortality for each city. Smooth parametric cubic splines of temperature and humidity have been used to do nonlinear modeling of these parameters.

New method for studying steady states in quantum impurity problems: the interacting resonant level model.

We develop a new perturbative method for studying any steady states of quantum impurities, in or out of equilibrium. We show that steady-state averages are completely fixed by basic properties of the steady-state (Hershfield's) density matrix along with dynamical "impurity conditions." This gives the full perturbative expansion without Feynman diagrams (matrix products instead are used), and "resums" into an equilibrium average that may lend itself to numerical procedures.

Rapid categorization of foveal and extrafoveal natural images: associated ERPs and effects of lateralization.

Humans are fast and accurate at performing an animal categorization task with natural photographs briefly flashed centrally. Here, this central categorization task is compared to a three position task in which photographs could appear randomly either centrally, or at 3.6 degrees eccentricity (right or left) of the fixation point.

On Jacobian matrices for flows.

We present a general method for constructing numerical Jacobian matrices for flows discretized on a Poincaré surface of section. Special attention is given to Hamiltonian flows where the additional constraint of energy conservation is explicitly taken into account. We demonstrate the approach for a conservative dynamical flow and apply the technique for the general detection of periodic orbits.