"Busting the hidden curriculum" a realist and innovative perspective to foster professional behaviors.

Contemporary health professions education has long delineated the desired attributes of medical professionalism in the form of standard curricula and their role in forming professional behaviors (PBs) among aspiring doctors. However, existing research has shown the contradictory and powerful role of hidden curriculum (HC) in negatively influencing medical students' PBs through unspoken or implicit academic, cultural, or social standards and practices. These contrasting messages of formal curricula and HC lead to discordance and incongruence in future healthcare professionals developing professional identity formation.

Barriers and enablers to the management of osteoarthritis in primary care in Ireland from the perspective of healthcare professionals and individuals with osteoarthritis: a qualitative study using the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Objectives: To explore the barriers and enablers to providing and receiving primary care for osteoarthritis (OA) in Ireland from the perspectives of primary care healthcare professionals (HCPs) and individuals with OA.

Design: Descriptive qualitative study incorporating an inductive thematic analysis to identify key barrier and enabler themes and subsequent deductive mapping to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Setting: Primary care in Ireland.

Using Collective Intelligence to Develop Design Requirements for a Complex Intervention for Advance Care Planning in the Community.

Background: Engaging people in advance care planning is a challenging systemic problem that requires a social innovation approach and a conceptual framework to guide behavioural and social change efforts.

Aim: To identify stakeholders' perspectives on barriers to advance care planning engagement, options for overcoming these barriers, and user needs. The findings will inform the design of a health behaviour change intervention for engaging older adults (50+) in advance care planning.

Socioeconomic Variation in Tobacco Smoking Among the Adult Population in Ireland.

Introduction: Differences in smoking prevalence across socioeconomic groups are a major driver of health inequalities. Although smoking prevalence continues to decline across most developed countries, socioeconomic inequalities in smoking still persist. While Ireland is among a small number of countries with a tobacco-endgame goal set to achieve a smoking prevalence of 5% by 2025, the challenge this presents by socioeconomic status is uncharted.

An exploratory graphical analysis of the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale pre- and post-treatment using pooled antidepressant trial secondary data.

Background: The 10-item Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) is a commonly used measure of depression in antidepressant clinical trials. Numerous studies have adopted classical test theory perspectives to assess the psychometric properties of this scale, finding generally positive results. However, its network configural structure and stability is unexplored across different time-points and treatment groups.

The impact of the introduction of tobacco product plain packaging on consumer responses in Ireland: a real-world policy evaluation stratified by socioeconomic groups.

Smoking prevalence remains high in Europe and widening socioeconomic group differences are driving health inequalities. While plain packaging policies disrupt tobacco industry tactics that sustain smoking, evidence of their equity impact is sparse. This study evaluated the implementation of plain packaging in Ireland in 2018 on consumer responses, overall and by the socioeconomic group.

An EDucation and eXercise intervention for gluteal tendinopathy in an Irish setting: a protocol for a feasibility randomised clinical trial (LEAP-Ireland RCT).

Background: Gluteal tendinopathy (GT) is a degenerative tendon condition characterised by pain over the greater trochanter of the hip. A randomised controlled trial (RCT) in Australia found that 14 sessions of EDucation on load management plus eXercise (EDX) delivered over 8 weeks resulted in greater improvements in global rating of change and pain outcomes at 8 and 52 weeks, compared with corticosteroid injection or 'wait and see'. Typically, 5-6 physiotherapy sessions are provided in public and private physiotherapy settings in Ireland, therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of conducting a future definitive RCT to investigate effectiveness of 6 sessions of the EDX programme compared to usual care.

Financial incentives to stop smoking: Potential financial consequences of different reward schedules.

Introduction: Financial incentives to stop smoking (FISS) programs have been implemented internationally to encourage people who smoke to quit smoking. However, such programs require that the financial reward structure and its resulting effects on smoking quit rates are considered. We analyzed a number of scenarios for FISS reward schedules for current smoking individuals in Ireland, with a view to identify the potential implications in terms of financial consequences and expected effects.

Do professionalism, leadership, and resilience combine for professional identity formation? Evidence from confirmatory factor analysis.

Introduction: Professional identity formation (PIF) is an ongoing, self-reflective process involving habits of thinking, feeling and acting like a physician and is an integral component of medical education. While qualitative work has suggested that PIF is informed by professionalism, resilience, and leadership, there is a dearth of quantitative work in this area. Multiple methods build rigor and the present study aimed to quantitatively assess the relative psychometric contributions of professionalism, resilience, and leadership constructs to informing PIF, using a latent factor analysis approach.

Feasibility of Using an Artificial Intelligence-based Telephone Application for Dietary Assessment and Nudging to Improve the Quality of Food Choices of Female Adolescents in Vietnam: Evidence from a Randomized Pilot Study.

Background: Adolescent nutrition has faced a policy neglect, partly owing to the gaps in dietary intake data for this age group. The Food Recognition Assistance and Nudging Insights (FRANI) is a smartphone application validated for dietary assessment and to influence users toward healthy food choices.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the feasibility (adherence, acceptability, and usability) of FRANI and its effects on food choices and diet quality in female adolescents in Vietnam.

Varicose Vein Education and Informed coNsent (VVEIN) Study: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Feasibility Study.

Background: The primary aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of introducing a digital health education tool (dHET) for varicose vein surgery.

Methods: This randomized, feasibility study allocated 40 patients, into dHET (n = 20) or standard consent (SC) (n = 20) groups. Primary outcomes were related to feasibility.

Validating a theory of planned behavior questionnaire for assessing changes in professional behaviors of medical students.

Introduction: Teaching professionalism is a fundamental aspect of medical undergraduate education, delivering important domains of professional attitudes, ethics, and behaviors. The effects of educational interventions can be assessed by measuring the change in such domains, but validated assessment tools for these professionalism domains are lacking. In this study, we constructed and conducted expert validation of a modified theory of planned behavior (TPB) questionnaire to assess changes in professional behaviors (PBs) in medical students.

"When we were allowed to go back … the freedom, the vista, the delight … It was just magic": Disruption and adaptation among people ageing-in-place in Ireland during COVID-19.

COVID-19 person-place disruptions may dislocate enabling resources and affect the short- and long-term wellbeing of individuals ageing-in-place. However, outcomes may vary according to individuals' personal experiences and capabilities to put in place adaptive strategies. Underpinned by the Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory, this study aimed to identify shifts in older people's relationships to place during the pandemic and to gain a deeper understanding of their adaptive strategies.

Professional Identity Formation, Professionalism, Leadership and Resilience (PILLAR) in Medical Students: Methodology and Early Results.

Objectives: The fundamental role of medical education is the transformation of students to doctors, through a process of education and professional identity formation (PIF), which can be informed by several educational, behavioural and emotional factors. PIF has been deemed to be of equal importance to the acquisition of clinical knowledge and skills and includes constructs such as professionalism, leadership and resilience. We aimed to assess rofessional dentity formation, professionaism, eadership nd esilience (PILLAR) in the junior years of medical school in the 2020/2021 academic year and illustrate the potential role of quantitative assessment to demonstrate progression in these areas.

The effects of advanced factor analysis approaches on outcomes in randomised trials for depression: protocol for secondary analysis of individual participant data.

Background: Modern psychometric methods make it possible to eliminate nonperforming items and reduce measurement error. Application of these methods to existing outcome measures can reduce variability in scores, and may increase treatment effect sizes in depression treatment trials.

Aims: We aim to determine whether using confirmatory factor analysis techniques can provide better estimates of the true effects of treatments, by conducting secondary analyses of individual patient data from randomised trials of antidepressant therapies.

Varicose Vein Education and Informed coNsent (VVEIN) study: a randomised controlled pilot feasibility study.

Introduction: Doctors have a legal requirement and duty of care to ensure patients are enabled to make an informed decision about their treatment, including discussion of the benefits, risks and alternatives to a procedure. A patient-centred approach to consent has been firmly established in Ireland, and fundamental to this is the ability to engage in a dialogue that offers comprehensible information to patients. Telemedicine has revolutionised the way we can deliver care to patients in the modern era of computers, tablets, and smartphones, and its use has been rapidly expanded.

Primary care-based models of care for osteoarthritis; a scoping review.

Objective: To identify and describe the extent, nature, characteristics, and impact of primary care-based models of care (MoCs) for osteoarthritis (OA) that have been developed and/or evaluated.

Design: Six electronic databases were searched from 2010 to May 2022. Relevant data were extracted and collated for narrative synthesis.

Validation of Mobile Artificial Intelligence Technology-Assisted Dietary Assessment Tool Against Weighed Records and 24-Hour Recall in Adolescent Females in Ghana.

Background: Important gaps exist in the dietary intake of adolescents in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), partly due to expensive assessment methods and inaccuracy in portion-size estimation. Dietary assessment tools leveraging mobile technologies exist but only a few have been validated in LMICs.

Objective: We validated Food Recognition Assistance and Nudging Insights (FRANI), a mobile artificial intelligence (AI) dietary assessment application in adolescent females aged 12-18 y (n = 36) in Ghana, against weighed records (WR), and multipass 24-hour recalls (24HR).

Is the public ready for a tobacco-free Ireland? A national survey of public knowledge and attitudes to tobacco endgame in Ireland.

Aim: Ireland will not meet the tobacco endgame goal set in its 2013 Tobacco-Free Ireland (TFI) policy of reducing smoking prevalence to less than 5% by 2025. Public opinion on tobacco endgame, a key lever to realise this goal, is uncharted in Ireland. This study aimed to measure public knowledge and attitudes to tobacco endgame.

A scoping review protocol of age-friendly practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Actions focused on age-friendly environments contribute to promote and maintain older people's functional ability and may enable them to contribute to their communities and enjoy life. As such, age-friendly practices require collaboration between diverse stakeholders across multiple sectors responsible for natural, built, and social environments, which can be particularly relevant during public health emergencies when socio-ecological vulnerabilities become more salient and may disproportionally affect older people. This paper presents a protocol for a scoping review aiming to investigate the breadth of evidence concerning the development, implementation, and evaluation of age-friendly practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Socio-ecological determinants of older people's mental health and well-being during COVID-19: A qualitative analysis within the Irish context.

Background: Evidence indicates that older people with biological and social vulnerabilities are at high risk of short- and long-term consequences related to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, studies have also highlighted that the crisis may present opportunities for personal growth if older individuals are met with appropriate resources and support.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of older people regarding how individual, social, and environmental factors have supported or hindered their well-being and health during COVID-19.

Public attitudes to implementing financial incentives in stopsmoking services in Ireland.

Introduction: Financial incentives improve stop-smoking service outcomes. Views on acceptability can influence implementation success. To inform implementation planning in Ireland, public attitudes on financial incentives to stop smoking were measured.

Integrated care for older multimorbid heart failure patients: protocol for the ESCAPE randomized trial and cohort study.

Escape: Evaluation of a patient-centred biopsychosocial blended collaborative care pathway for the treatment of multimorbid elderly patients.

Therapeutic Area: Healthcare interventions for the management of older patients with multiple morbidities.

Aims: Multi-morbidity treatment is an increasing challenge for healthcare systems in ageing societies.

A modified Delphi process to form an expert consensus in Ireland on the essential information to be included in shared decision making for varicose vein surgery.

Objective: To reach consensus on a core set of essential information for inclusion in the informed consent process to standardize consent for VV surgery.

Methods: Using a modified electronic Delphi (e-Delphi) method, a panel of experts in Ireland, were asked to rate statements of essential information to include in the informed consent process with patients. Statements were rated using a 5-point Likert scale.