A systematic review of participant diversity in psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy trials.

A lack of diverse and representative participant samples in mental health intervention research perpetuates mental health disparities. This issue has become a salient concern in studies of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAT), which is emerging as a promising mental health intervention. This systematic review evaluates the reporting, representation, and analysis of participant sociodemographic characteristics in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of PAT.

Clinical characteristics of hospitalized male adolescents and young adults with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID).

Background: Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) may result in significant medical sequelae. Compared to youth with eating disorders like anorexia nervosa (AN), youth with ARFID tend to be younger and are more likely to be male. We aim to describe sex differences in clinical characteristics of youth hospitalized for medical complications of ARFID and compare their characteristics with youth hospitalized for anorexia nervosa.

Impact of Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization on Female Sterilization Rates at a Texas Military Medical Center, a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Objective: Female sterilization is a common form of contraception in the United States. On June 24, 2022, the United States Supreme Court eliminated the federal standard protecting a woman's right to abortion via Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization.

Cost-utility analysis of adapted problem adaptation therapy for depression in mild-to-moderate dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease: PATHFINDER randomised controlled trial.

Background: Depression is common in people with dementia, and negatively affects quality of life.

Aims: This paper aims to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of an intervention for depression in mild and moderate dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease over 12 months (PATHFINDER trial), from both the health and social care and societal perspectives.

Method: A total of 336 participants were randomised to receive the adapted PATH intervention in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) ( = 168) or TAU alone ( = 168).

Predictors of Outpatient and Inpatient Service Utilization Among Publicly-Insured Youth With Eating Disorders.

Introduction: Although eating disorders (EDs) affect youth from all socioeconomic backgrounds, little is known about the treatment experiences of under-resourced youth with EDs. To address this gap, we examined patterns of outpatient and inpatient service utilization among publicly-insured youth with EDs in California and potential disparities for youth with additional marginalized identities.

Method: Participants were identified from the full sample of California Medicaid/Medi-Cal beneficiaries aged 7-18 with ≥ 1 service episode between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2016.

Use of restrictive practices in approved mental health centres in Ireland: consideration of five years of national data.

Objective: To evaluate the rates of use of restrictive practices (RPs), such as seclusion and physical restraint, in approved mental health centres (ACs) in Ireland.

Methods: Examination of data reported to the regulator of mental health in Ireland, the Mental Health Commission (MHC), and the Health Research Board (HRB).

Results: There has been a substantial reduction in RP use in Irish ACs between 2018 and 2022.

Bioenergetic characterization of hyperthermophilic archaean Methanocaldococcus sp. FS406-22.

Hyperthermophilic archaean Methanocaldococcus sp. FS406-22 (hereafter FS406) is a hydrogenotrophic methanogen isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. To better understand the energetic requirements of hydrogen oxidation under extreme conditions, the thermodynamic characterization of FS406 incubations is necessary and notably underexplored.

Innovative and Emerging Treatments for Anorexia Nervosa.

Unlike psychopharmacologic interventions for other psychiatric conditions, few medications have emerged as helpful in improving eating disorder cognitions and evidence-based psychotherapies fail many patients. Novel treatments are urgently needed to address anorexia nervosa (AN), which is increasingly prevalent and difficult to treat. This article provides an overview of preliminary investigations into cannabidiol, psilocybin therapy, ketamine and the ketogenic diet, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and vagus nerve stimulation in individuals with AN.

Complications of pediatric macrocystic lymphatic malformations of the head and neck: a survival analysis of treated and untreated patients.

Objective: To compare events of recurrent swelling between treated and untreated patients with macrocystic lymphatic malformations of the head and neck not involving the airway. The frequency and timing of emergency department (ED) visits related to the event were analysed to provide data on efficacy and ideal timing of treatment.

Methods: A 5-year retrospective review of a hospital database was conducted reviewing 35 patients (15 female, 20 male; mean age 3.

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Enhancing Sterilization Processes for Pleuravideoscopes in a Pulmonary Clinic.

Purpose/objectives: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has highlighted the strong association between healthcare-associated infections and the reprocessing of flexible endoscopes. This process improvement project provided an evidence-based workflow analysis of pleuravideoscope reprocessing to validate and implement safe practices in the pulmonary clinic and sterile processing department.

Description Of The Project/program: A multidisciplinary team created an audit tool to complete infection control risk assessment using Lean Six Sigma methodology.

Sex differences in electrolyte abnormalities indicating refeeding syndrome risk among hospitalized adolescents and young adults with eating disorders.

Background: Refeeding syndrome is the gravest possible medical complication in malnourished patients undergoing refeeding in the hospital. We previously reported that males with malnutrition secondary to eating disorders required more calories and had longer hospital stays than females; however, sex differences in electrolyte abnormalities indicating refeeding syndrome risk remain unknown. The objective of this study was to assess differences in electrolyte abnormalities indicating refeeding syndrome risk among male and female adolescents and young adults with eating disorders hospitalized for medical instability.

Psilocybin therapy and anorexia nervosa: a narrative review of safety considerations for researchers and clinicians.

Background: Clinical trials using psilocybin therapy to treat anorexia nervosa (AN) are currently underway. The safety and tolerability of psilocybin is of utmost importance in individuals with AN who may present unique medical vulnerabilities. The purpose of this review is to describe how the common physiologic adverse effects of psilocybin may impact medical complications experienced by individuals with AN in clinical trials of psilocybin therapy.

A clinical consensus guideline for nutrition in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia from birth through discharge.

Objective: To develop a consensus guideline to meet nutritional challenges faced by infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Study Design: The CDH Focus Group utilized a modified Delphi method to develop these clinical consensus guidelines (CCG). Topic leaders drafted recommendations after literature review and group discussion.

Comparison of Approaches for Authentication of Commercial Terpinen-4-ol-type Tea Tree Oils Using Chiral GC/MS.

A global demand for tea tree oil (TTO) has resulted in increased adulteration in commercial products. In this study, we use a novel enantiomeric gas chromatography mass spectrometry method for chiral analysis of key terpenes ((±)-terpinen-4-ol, (±)-α-terpineol, and (±)-limonene) and quantification of components present at >0.01% to test different methods of identifying adulterated TTO.

Human Cardiomyocyte Action Potential Modeling: Exploring Ion Channel Input Combinations.

modeling offers an opportunity to supplement and accelerate cardiac safety testing. With in silico modeling, computational simulation methods are used to predict electrophysiological interactions and pharmacological effects of novel drugs on critical physiological processes. The O'Hara-Rudy's model was developed to predict the response to different ion channel inhibition levels on cardiac action potential duration (APD) which is known to directly correlate with the QT interval.

Adapted problem adaptation therapy for depression in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease dementia: A randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Trials of effectiveness of treatment options for depression in dementia are an important priority.

Methods: Randomized controlled trial to assess adapted Problem Adaptation Therapy (PATH) for depression in mild/moderate dementia caused by Alzheimer's disease.

Results: Three hundred thirty-six participants with mild or moderate dementia, >7 on Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), randomized to adapted PATH or treatment as usual.

Pilot Study of a Digital Behavioral Therapy for Overactive Bladder in Women.

Importance: The burden and high prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) underline the urgent need for effective treatment. This study provides an initial look at an alternative approach to behavioral therapy for overactive bladder (OAB) that is delivered as an app on a smartphone.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a digital therapeutic for OAB.

Characterizing Medical Complications in Publicly Insured Youth With Eating Disorders.

Purpose: The present study describes the occurrence of eating disorder (ED)-related medical diagnoses in a publicly insured sample of youth with EDs. The study also compares ED medical diagnoses with other psychiatric disorders and identifies high-risk demographic groups. Improved screening practices are needed in public mental health systems where treatment is critical for youth with EDs.

Clinical characteristics of hospitalized male adolescents and young adults with atypical anorexia nervosa.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics of male adolescents and young adults hospitalized for medical complications of atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN) and to compare their clinical characteristics with females with atypical AN and males with anorexia nervosa (AN).

Method: A retrospective review of electronic medical records for patients with atypical AN and AN aged 9-25 admitted to the UCSF Eating Disorders Program from May 2012 to August 2020 was conducted.

Results: Among 21 males with atypical AN (mean age 15.

Short-term outcomes of the study of refeeding to optimize inpatient gains for patients with atypical anorexia nervosa.

Objective: The StRONG trial demonstrated the safety and efficacy of higher calorie refeeding (HCR) in hospitalized adolescents and young adults with malnutrition secondary to restrictive eating disorders. Here we compare refeeding outcomes in patients with atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN) versus anorexia nervosa (AN) and examine the impact of caloric dose.

Method: Patients were enrolled upon admission and randomized to meal-based HCR, beginning 2000 kcal/day and advancing 200 kcal/day, or lower calorie refeeding (LCR), beginning 1400 kcal/day and advancing 200 kcal every other day.

Total organic carbon concentrations in clastic cave sediments from Butler Cave, Virginia, USA: implications for contaminant fate and transport.

Clastic cave deposits are representative of sediments throughout the karst aquifer and thus are an abundant and accessible resource through which to study the chemistry of karst aquifer. Clastic cave sediments are attributed to depositional facies based on cave location, sorting, and particle size. These facies settings may influence different chemical parameters of the sediments, like concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC).