Addressing Gambling Harm to affected others: A scoping review (part II: Coping, assessment and treatment).

Public health definitions of gambling-related harm include risks to family members and friends. This scoping review broadly aims to identify recent research on addressing gambling harm to adult affected others, focusing on prevalence, socio-demographic profiles, gambling profiles, and harm (Part I); and coping strategies, assessment, and treatment (Part II). A systematic search of electronic databases identified 121 studies published from 2000, with 82 focusing on coping strategies (22.

The General Acceptability and Use of Smartphone App-Delivered Interventions for Gambling in Australia.

Smartphones can extend the reach of evidence-based gambling treatment services, yet the general acceptability of app-delivered gambling interventions remains unknown. This study examined the general acceptability and use of app-delivered gambling interventions, and predictors of both, among 173 Australian adults with a lifetime gambling problem (48.5% male, M = 46.

Striving Towards National Lower-Risk Gambling Guidelines: An Empirical Investigation Among a Sample of Swedish Gamblers.

Several countries, including Canada and Australia, have developed public health-based lower-risk gambling limits to differentiate lower-risk from higher-risk gambling. This study aimed to identify a preliminary set of lower-risk gambling limits (gambling frequency, duration, expenditure, expenditure as a proportion of personal net income, and diversity), and investigate if gambling types are linked to additional harms, in a Swedish context. The study involved secondary analyses of two online survey studies using the Gambling Disorder Identification Test (GDIT).

Associations of blood pressure with white matter hyperintensities later in life; influence of short-term menopausal hormone therapy.

Objective: To assess the association of systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) in recently menopausal women with white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume later in life and determine whether short-term menopausal hormone therapy (mHT) modifies these associations.

Methods: Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS) was a multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled 4-year mHT trial (oral conjugated equine estrogens or transdermal 17β-estradiol). KEEPS continuation was an observational follow-up of the participants 10 years after the end of mHT.

Gambling motives and problem gambling: Exploring psychological moderators in the pathways model.

Background: Relationships between gambling motives and problem gambling have been identified in previous research. There is, however, evidence of moderate-to-high heterogeneity in these associations, suggesting that further research is required to elucidate which gamblers are more susceptible to the influence of different types of motives. This study aims to (1) explore the relationship between gambling motives (Gambling Motives Questionnaire-Financial coping, enhancement, social, financial) and problem gambling (Problem Gambling Severity Index); and (2) investigate the degree to which psychological variables implicated by the pathways model (positive reinforcement high-risk situations, negative reinforcement high-risk situations, psychological distress, emotional dysregulation, distress intolerance and impulsivity) moderate these relationships.

Long-term cognitive effects of menopausal hormone therapy: Findings from the KEEPS Continuation Study.

Background: Findings from Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS)-Cog trial suggested no cognitive benefit or harm after 48 months of menopausal hormone therapy (mHT) initiated within 3 years of final menstrual period. To clarify the long-term effects of mHT initiated in early postmenopause, the observational KEEPS Continuation Study reevaluated cognition, mood, and neuroimaging effects in participants enrolled in the KEEPS-Cog and its parent study the KEEPS approximately 10 years after trial completion. We hypothesized that women randomized to transdermal estradiol (tE2) during early postmenopause would show cognitive benefits, while oral conjugated equine estrogens (oCEE) would show no effect, compared to placebo over the 10 years following randomization in the KEEPS trial.

Influenza, COVID-19, and Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination Coverage Among Adults - United States, Fall 2024.

The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends annual influenza and COVID-19 vaccination for all persons aged ≥6 months, including adults aged ≥18 years. ACIP also recommends a single lifetime dose of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine for adults aged ≥75 years and for those aged 60-74 years who are at increased risk for severe RSV disease. Data from the National Immunization Survey-Adult COVID Module, a random-digit-dialed cellular telephone survey of U.

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy, Dementia, and Alzheimer Neuropathologic Changes: Findings From the ACT Autopsy Cohort.

Background And Objectives: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is common in older adults and is associated with dementia. Less is known whether this association is mediated by Alzheimer disease (AD) neuropathologic changes, the examination of which was the objective of this study.

Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional examination of the Kaiser Permanente Washington database of the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) autopsy cohort with information on CAA, dementia, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD) (amyloid neuritic plaques), and Braak (tau neurofibrillary tangles).

Current approaches to the identification and management of gambling disorder: a narrative review to inform clinical practice in Australia and New Zealand.

Gambling disorder is a recognised psychiatric disorder in the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) and is classified as an addiction alongside alcohol and substance use disorders. The DSM-5 describes a past-year timeframe, episodic or persistent specifiers, early or sustained remission specifiers, and three gambling disorder severity specifiers (mild, moderate and severe). Although anyone can develop gambling disorder, there are known risk factors.

Poststroke Cognitive Impairment and the Risk of Recurrent Stroke and Mortality: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Poststroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) occurs in about 60% of patients with stroke in the first year after stroke. However, the question regarding risks of recurrent stroke and mortality in patients with PSCI remains controversial. The goal of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis of published literature to estimate the risks of stroke recurrence and mortality associated with PSCI.

Late-Life Blood Pressure and Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: Findings from the U.S. National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Uniform Dataset.

High blood pressure (BP) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) are two common risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage, potentially leading to cognitive impairment. Less is known about the relationship between BP and CAA, the examination of which was the objective of this study. We analyzed data from 2510 participants in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) who had information on longitudinal BP measurements before death and on CAA from autopsy.

Vital Signs: Trends and Disparities in Childhood Vaccination Coverage by Vaccines for Children Program Eligibility - National Immunization Survey-Child, United States, 2012-2022.

Introduction: The Vaccines for Children (VFC) program was established in 1994 to provide recommended vaccines at no cost to eligible children and help ensure that all U.S. children are protected from life-threatening vaccine-preventable diseases.

ChatGPT for Automated Qualitative Research: Content Analysis.

Background: Data analysis approaches such as qualitative content analysis are notoriously time and labor intensive because of the time to detect, assess, and code a large amount of data. Tools such as ChatGPT may have tremendous potential in automating at least some of the analysis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the utility of ChatGPT in conducting qualitative content analysis through the analysis of forum posts from people sharing their experiences on reducing their sugar consumption.

Using concept mapping to identify recruitment and engagement strategies for inclusion of LGBTQIA+ populations in Alzheimer's disease and related dementia research.

Introduction: Past Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) research has not considered ways to ensure the representation of diverse sexual and gender minorities. This study used concept mapping (CM) to identify strategies for engaging and recruiting LGBTQIA+ older adults living with memory loss and their caregivers into ADRD research.

Methods: CM, involving brainstorming, thematic analysis, and rating of strategies, was conducted with 46 members from one national and three local community advisory boards.

Negative and positive mental health characteristics of affected family members: Findings from a cross-sectional Australian general population gambling study.

Despite the impact of problem gambling on affected family members (AFMs), there are limited large-scale population level studies identifying the negative mental health (NMH) and positive mental health (PMH) characteristics of AFMs. Furthermore, no study has explored whether PMH characteristics are protective in the relationships between AFM status and NMH characteristics. This study involved secondary data analysis from the Third Social and Economic Impact Study of Gambling in Tasmania.

Assessing gambling disorder using frequency- and time-based response options: A Rasch analysis of the gambling disorder identification test.

Objectives: The Gambling Disorder Identification Test (GDIT) is a recently developed self-report measure. The GDIT includes items with multiple response options that are either based on frequency or time, and item response theory evaluations of these could yield vital knowledge on its measurement performance.

Methods: The GDIT was evaluated using Rasch analysis in a study involving 597 Swedish gamblers.

In vitro functional analysis and in silico structural modelling of pathogen-secreted polyglycine hydrolases.

Polyglycine hydrolases are fungal effectors composed of an N-domain with unique sequence and structure and a C-domain that resembles β-lactamases, with serine protease activity. These secreted fungal proteins cleave Gly-Gly bonds within a polyglycine sequence in corn ChitA chitinase. The polyglycine hydrolase N-domain (PND) function is unknown.

The COVID-19 lockdown experience suggests that restricting the supply of gambling can reduce gambling problems: An Australian prospective study.

Background And Aims: COVID-19 lockdowns limited access to gambling but simultaneously elevated psychosocial stressors. This study assessed the relative effects of these changes on gambling risk status during and after the Australian COVID-19 lockdown from late-March to late-May 2020.

Methods: The study administered three surveys to people who had gambled within the past year at T1.

Cardiometabolic outcomes in Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study continuation: 14-year follow-up of a hormone therapy trial.

Objective: This study aimed to determine long-term cardiometabolic effects of hormone therapies initiated within 3 years of onset of menopause after a 14-year follow-up study of participants of the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS).

Methods: KEEPS was a multisite clinical trial that recruited recently menopausal women with good cardiovascular health for randomization to oral conjugated equine estrogens (Premarin, 0.45 mg/d) or transdermal 17β-estradiol (Climara, 50 μg/d) both with micronized progesterone (Prometrium, 200 mg/d) for 12 d/mo, or placebo pills and patch for 4 years.

Scrambling Is Necessary but Not Sufficient for Chaos.

We show that out-of-time-order correlators (OTOCs) constitute a probe for local-operator entanglement (LOE). There is strong evidence that a volumetric growth of LOE is a faithful dynamical indicator of quantum chaos, while OTOC decay corresponds to operator scrambling, often conflated with chaos. We show that rapid OTOC decay is a necessary but not sufficient condition for linear (chaotic) growth of the LOE entropy.

Applying the Just-In-Time Adaptive Intervention Framework to the Development of Gambling Interventions.

Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions (JITAIs) are emerging "push" mHealth interventions that provide the right type, timing, and amount of support to address the dynamically-changing needs for each individual. Although JITAIs are well-suited to the delivery of interventions for the addictions, few are available to support gambling behaviour change. We therefore developed GamblingLess: In-The-Moment and Gambling Habit Hacker, two smartphone-delivered JITAIs that differ with respect to their target populations, theoretical underpinnings, and decision rules.

Electronic gaming machine accessibility and gambling problems: A natural policy experiment.

Background: Electronic gaming machines (EGMs) are one of the most harmful forms of gambling at an individual level. It is unclear whether restriction of EGM functions and accessibility results in meaningful reductions in population-level gambling harm.

Methods: A natural policy experiment using a large (N = 15,000) national dataset weighted to standard population variables was employed to compare estimates of gambling problems between Australian residents in Western Australia (WA), where EGMs are restricted to one venue and have different structural features, to residents in other Australian jurisdictions where EGMs are widely accessible in casinos, hotels and clubs.

Prenatal ultrasound use and risk of autism spectrum disorder: Findings from the case-control Study to Explore Early Development.

Background: Studies evaluating the association between prenatal ultrasounds and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have largely produced negative results. Concern remains due to the rising identification of children with ASD and ultrasound use.

Objective: To evaluate the association between prenatal ultrasound use and ASD.