Music, body, and machine: gesture-based synchronization in human-robot musical interaction.

Musical performance relies on nonverbal cues for conveying information among musicians. Human musicians use bodily gestures to communicate their interpretation and intentions to their collaborators, from mood and expression to anticipatory cues regarding structure and tempo. Robotic Musicians can use their physical bodies in a similar way when interacting with fellow musicians.

A Comparison of Throwing Arm Kinetics and Ball Velocity in Professional Baseball Pitchers with the Fastest Maximum Joint and Segment Velocities.

Background: Significant associations have been established among individual maximum joint and segment velocities with throwing arm kinetics and ball velocity in baseball.

Purpose: Investigate how pitches with the fastest maximum joint and segment velocities, in both ideal and non-ideal sequence order, may impact ball velocity and throwing arm kinetics in professional baseball pitchers.

Methods: Professional(n=338) pitchers threw 8-12 fastball pitches while evaluated with 3D-motion capture (480 Hz).

Professional baseball pitchers produce similar ball velocity and kinematics when pitching from the wind-up and stretch deliveries: a biomechanical analysis.

Historically, the wind-up delivery is considered a more biomechanically advantageous pitching motion compared to the stretch. Recently, some pitchers have shifted to pitching exclusively from the stretch regardless of the game situation. The goal of this study was to compare temporal, kinematic and kinetic variables between the wind-up and stretch deliveries.

Influence of Lead Knee Extension on Ball Velocity and Elbow Varus Torque in Professional and High School Baseball Pitchers.

Background: When the lead leg of a pitcher contacts the ground, the knee braces and then rapidly extends, initiating energy transfer to begin pelvis and trunk rotation.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship of lead knee extension during the pitching delivery with peak lead knee extension velocity, ball velocity, and elbow varus torque in high school and professional pitchers.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Kinematic Modeling of Pitch Velocity in High School and Professional Baseball Pitchers: Comparisons With the Literature.

Background: Kinematic parameters predictive of pitch velocity have been evaluated in adolescent and collegiate baseball pitchers; however, they have not been established for high school or professional pitchers.

Purpose: To create multiregression models using anthropometric and kinematics features most predictive for pitch velocity in high school and professional pitchers and compare them with prior multiregression models evaluating other playing levels.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Pitch-classifier model for professional pitchers utilizing 3D motion capture and machine learning algorithms.

Introduction: A pitcher's ability to achieve pitch location precision after a complex series of motions is of paramount importance. Kinematics have been used in analyzing performance benefits like ball velocity, as well as injury risk profile; however, prior utilization of such data for pitch location metrics is limited.

Objective: To develop a pitch classifier model utilizing machine learning algorithms to explore the potential relationships between kinematic variables and a pitcher's ability to throw a strike or ball.

An Interval Throwing Program for Baseball Pitchers Based upon Workload Data.

Background: Interval throwing programs (ITP) have been used for decades to enable baseball pitchers to return to competition after injury or surgery by gradually applying load to the throwing arm. Past programs have been based on personal experience; however, advances in our understanding of the biomechanics and workloads of throwing allow for a more modern data-based program to be developed.

Hypothesis/purpose: To 1) develop a updated ITP for rehabilitation of modern baseball pitchers based upon biomechanical and throwing workload data, and 2) compare the updated program with a past program to determine differences in chronic workload and acute:chronic workload ratios (ACWR).

Relationships between throwing mechanics and shoulder anterior force in high school and professional baseball pitchers.

Background: Excessive shoulder anterior force has been implicated in pathology of the rotator cuff in little league and professional baseball pitchers; in particular, anterior laxity, posterior stiffness, and glenohumeral joint impingement. Distinctly characterized motions associated with excessive shoulder anterior force remain poorly understood.

Methods: High school and professional pitchers were instructed to throw fastballs while being evaluated with 3D motion capture (480 Hz).

Workload Comparison of Contemporary Interval Throwing Programs and a Novel Optimized Program for Baseball Pitchers.

Background: In the rehabilitation of injured baseball pitchers, there is lack of consensus on how to guide a player back to pitching. It is unknown how different contemporary interval throwing programs (ITPs) progress in the amount of throwing workload.

Purposes: To 1) evaluate three prominent ITPs commonly employed in baseball pitcher rehabilitation and assess whether these ITPs produce training loads that increase in a controlled, graduated manner and 2) devise an ITP that produced training loads which increased steadily over time.

Relationship Between Arm Path, Ball Velocity, and Elbow Varus Torque in Professional Baseball Pitchers.

Background: Currently, most pitching instructors suggest a shorter arm path-the total distance the arm travels during pitching. Theoretically, this combination allows for better body segment sequencing, a more efficient energy transfer through the kinetic chain, and increased ball velocity, while limiting elbow varus torque.

Hypothesis: Shorter arm paths would be associated with increased ball velocity and decreased elbow varus torque.

10 Year Longitudinal Evaluation of the Spilstead Model of Milieu Intervention.

Although international research has defined best-practice intervention for children from vulnerable families as integrated and comprehensive, limited implementation and longitudinal evaluation of this approach has been conducted. The Spilstead Model (SM) of early years milieu intervention provides a uniquely integrated one stop shop model of care incorporating a comprehensive range of best-practice programs within a trauma-informed approach. Results from an initial evaluation involving 23 families (mean child age 3.

Gastrojejunostomy as a treatment for gastric outflow disorders in four adult horses.

Four adult horses with histories of moderate abdominal pain and inappetence were diagnosed with delayed gastric emptying and gastric impaction attributed to pyloroduodenal obstruction (three cases) or duodenitis (one case). A stapled side-to-side gastrojejunostomy was performed on all horses. Two horses returned to work and survived ≥3 years.

Forearm Pronation at Foot Contact: A Biomechanical Motion-Capture Analysis in High School and Professional Pitchers.

Background: It has previously been speculated that baseball pitchers who display excessive forearm pronation at foot contact (FC) have a higher propensity toward ulnar collateral ligament injury and subsequent surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between degree of forearm pronation/supination at FC and throwing arm kinetics in high school and professional pitchers, at both the individual (intrapitcher) and the group (interpitcher) level.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Three-Dimensional Motion Capture Data of a Movement Screen from 183 Athletes.

Movement screens are widely used to identify aberrant movement patterns in hopes of decreasing risk of injury, identifying talent, and/or improving performance. Motion capture data can provide quantitative, objective feedback regarding movement patterns. The dataset contains three-dimensional (3D) motion capture data of 183 athletes performing mobility tests (ankle, back bend, crossover adduction, crossover rotation, elbows, head, hip turn, scorpion, shoulder abduction, shoulder azimuth, shoulder rotation, side bends, side lunges and trunk rotation) and stability tests (drop jump, hop down, L-cut, lunge, rotary stability, step down and T-balance) bilaterally (where applicable), the athletes' injury history, and demographics.

Substance Use Outcomes For Sexual and Gender Minority Adults With a History of Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: The impacts of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on behavioral, mental, and physical health have been extensively investigated. As such, it is paramount to synthesize their quantified effects, especially within vulnerable populations. The goal of this scoping review was to collect, summarize, and synthesize existing research on ACEs and substance use (SU) in adult sexual and gender minority (SGM) populations.

Influence of Pelvic Rotation on Lower Extremity Kinematics, Elbow Varus Torque, and Ball Velocity in Professional Baseball Pitchers.

Background: Early pelvic rotation has been associated with decreased throwing arm kinetics in college baseball pitchers, though professional pitchers have yet to be examined.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of pelvic rotation on trunk, pelvis and lower extremity kinematics, as well as throwing arm kinetics and pitch velocity in professional baseball pitchers.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Kinetic and kinematic comparisons in high school pitchers with low and high pitch location consistency.

Background: Although ball velocity has often been associated with increased kinetics at the upper extremity and risk of injury in youth and adolescent pitchers, it is unclear if the performance metric pitch location consistency has any positive or negative associations with pitching kinetics.

Methods: High school pitchers (n = 59) pitched 8-12 fastballs using 3D motion capture (480 Hz). Pitchers were divided into high-consistency (HiCon) and low-consistency (LoCon) groups based on the absolute center deviation of each pitcher's pitch to the center of the pitcher's mean pitch location.

Variability in Pitch Count Limits and Rest Day Requirements by State: Implications of Season-Long Pitch Counts in High School Baseball Pitchers.

Background: It is unknown how different pitch count limits and rest day requirements affect cumulative pitch counts during a baseball season.

Purpose: To determine (1) the variability of pitch count rules in high school baseball and (2) the theoretical effect of different pitch count limits and rest day combinations on game, weekly, and seasonal pitch totals in high school baseball pitchers.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

The influence of shoulder abduction and external rotation on throwing arm kinetics in professional baseball pitchers.

Background: The relationships between shoulder abduction and external rotation with peak kinetic values at the shoulder and elbow in professional baseball pitchers are not well established.

Methods: Professional pitchers ( = 322) threw 8-12 fastballs under 3D motion analysis (480 Hz). Pitchers were stratified into quartiles by shoulder abduction and external rotation at distinct timepoints.

The Relationship Between Maximum Shoulder Horizontal Abduction and Adduction on Peak Shoulder Kinetics in Professional Pitchers.

Background: Repetitive horizontal shoulder abduction during pitching can cause increased contact between the posterosuperior aspect of the glenoid and the greater tuberosity of the humeral head, theoretically putting baseball pitchers at increased risk of shoulder internal impingement and other shoulder pathologies.

Hypothesis: Increased shoulder horizontal abduction is associated with increased shoulder anterior force, while increased horizontal adduction is associated with increased shoulder distraction force.

Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study.

Interval Throwing Programs at Distances Beyond 150 Feet Can Be Equivalent to Pitching Over Five Innings.

Purpose: To determine the cumulative elbow varus torque (EVT) experienced during created interval throwing programs (ITP) and derive innings pitched equivalent for each step.

Methods: High school pitchers wearing the motusBASEBALL sensor who had at least 50 throws at 90, 120, 150, and 180 ft and game pitches were included in this analysis. Means for EVT per throw and torque per minute were calculated at each distance.