The Tibial Tubercle-Trochlear Groove Distance/Trochlear Dysplasia Index Quotient Is the Most Accurate Indicator for Determining Patellofemoral Instability Risk.

Purpose: The primary aim of our study was to evaluate diagnostic accuracy of the tibial tubercle-trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance relative to associated quotients produced from trochlear width (TT-TG distance/TW) and trochlear dysplasia index (TT-TG distance/TDI) for detecting patellofemoral instability. Secondary aims included identifying thresholds for risk and comparing differences between cases and controls.

Methods: Consecutive sampling of electronic medical records produced 48 (21 males, 27 females) patellofemoral instability cases (19 ± 7 years old) and 79 (61 males, 18 females) controls (23 ± 4 years old) who had a history of isolated meniscal lesion, as evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging.

The shear modulus of lower-leg muscles correlates to intramuscular pressure.

Shear wave elastography (SWE) is emerging as an innovative tool to evaluate muscle properties and function. It has been shown to correlate with both passive and active muscle forces, and is sensitive to physiological processes and pathological conditions. Similarly, intramuscular pressure (IMP) is an important parameter that changes with passive and active muscle contraction, body position, exercise, blood pressure, and several pathologies.

Comparison of Growth Plate Violations for Transtibial and Anteromedial Surgical Techniques in Simulated Adolescent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: Increases in the rates and intensity of youth sports participation have led to an elevated incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and reconstruction in adolescents. Traditional reconstruction techniques in the skeletally immature patient may violate the growth plates and potentially lead to deformities.

Hypothesis/purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the volume and location of femoral growth plate violations resulting from anteromedial (AM) and transtibial (TT) techniques in ACL reconstruction.

Elbow tendinopathy.

Overuse injuries of the lateral and medial elbow are common in sport, recreational activities, and occupational endeavors. They are commonly diagnosed as lateral and medial epicondylitis; however, the pathophysiology of these disorders demonstrates a lack of inflammation. Instead, angiofibroblastic degeneration is present, referred to as tendinosis.

Effect of posterior capsule tightness on glenohumeral translation in the late-cocking phase of pitching.

Context: Throwing injuries.

Objective: To study the effects of posterior capsule tightness on humeral head position in late cocking simulation.

Design: Eight fresh frozen shoulders were placed in position of "late cocking," 90 degrees abduction, and 10 degrees adduction and maximal external rotation.