Characterization of a polyurethane-based controlled release system for local delivery of chlorhexidine diacetate.

Conventional formulations of chlorhexidine usually provide short-term efficiency, requiring repeated applications to maintain antibacterial activity. Therefore, appropriate release system of chlorhexidine controlling local drug delivery would reduce the number of applications and enhance patient compliance. The aim of this study was to develop a controlled release system based on medical polyurethane for the local delivery of chlorhexidine diacetate (CDA).

[Orthopedic aspects of Distal Active Concept therapy applied in the mixed dentition. Comparative study with an untreated population].

Our present study compares the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes between 120 subjects in mixed dentition treated with "Distal Active Concept" therapy versus 157 untreated subjects of class II served as a control group. Upon considering the treated subjects, a highly significant difference of mandibular growth (p < or = 0.001) with an anticlockwise rotation is noticed.

Study of a chitin-based gel as injectable material in periodontal surgery.

The optimal conditions of injection of a chitin gel for applications in periodontal surgery have been studied as a function of various parameters. They correspond to a time of 2 min 15s (+/- 15"). They are achieved for acetylation parameters corresponding to: a molar ratio acetic anhydride/glucosamine residue, R = 1.

Student satisfaction with curriculum modifications in a French dental school.

Since 1994, important modifications have been implemented in the dental curriculum in France, and an additional year has been included in the dental curriculum. The 1st year has remained unchanged; it is common to both medical and dental schools and leads to a selection procedure of 1 in 10 dental students. In the new curriculum, the dental student is engaged in a 5-year programme in dental school (years 2 to 6), as opposed to 4 years in the former programme (years 2 to 5).

Periodontal conditions in 65-74 year old adults in France, 1995.

In 1995, a study was undertaken in France to assess the periodontal health status of 603 noninstitutionalized elderly subjects aged 65-74 years. Thirty areas were identified in the Rhône-Alpes region, with a sampling method based on stratified quotas according to sex, place of residence and socio-economic group (S-EG). The CPITN index was used.

Plasmodium yoelii: identification of a gene encoding a putative ADP-ribosylation factor-1 GTPase-activating protein, PyAG1.

The PyAG1 gene, identified by the screening of a Plasmodium yoelii genomic DNA library with a rhoptry-specific Mab, encodes a protein with a zinc finger structure immediately followed by the consensus sequence of the Arf GAP catalytic site. The serum of mice immunized with the recombinant protein recognized specifically the rhoptries of the late infected erythrocytic stages. Blast analysis using the Genbank database gave the highest scores with four proteins presenting an Arf1 GAP activity.

Oral health status in 65-74 years old adults in France, 1995.

Background: A study was carried out to assess the oral health status of the non-institutionalized population aged 65-74 years and living in the Rhône-Alpes region, France, in 1995.

Methods: The representative sample was composed of 603 subjects comprised of 41.5% of men of which 24.

In vitro susceptibility of African isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from Gabon to pyronaridine.

The in vitro activity of pyronaridine was evaluated against 62 isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from Libreville, Gabon using an isotopic, drug susceptibility microtest and was compared with amodiaquine, chloroquine, quinine, and halofantrine activities. The mean 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the 62 isolates from Gabon to pyronaridine was 3.0 nM (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.

In vitro susceptibility of Gabonese wild isolates of Plasmodium falciparum to artemether, and comparison with chloroquine, quinine, halofantrine and amodiaquine.

The in vitro activity of artemether against 63 African isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from Libreville, Gabon was evaluated using an isotopic drug susceptibility semi-microtest. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for artemether were in a narrow range from 0.8 to 34.

Plasmodium yoelii: identification of rhoptry proteins using monoclonal antibodies.

Thirteen monoclonal antibodies, obtained after immunization of mice with Plasmodium yoelii schizonts, were selected using immunofluorescence assay: they all presented typical fluorescence patterns of rhoptries. This antigen localization was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. The molecular weights of the recognized antigens are 68, 80, 105, 130 and 140 kDa as determined by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot under reducing and nonreducing conditions.

In-vitro activity of pyronaridine and amodiaquine against African isolates (Senegal) of Plasmodium falciparum in comparison with standard antimalarial agents.

The in-vitro activities of pyronaridine, amodiaquine, chloroquine and quinine were evaluated against 161 isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from Senegal (Dielmo, Ndiop and Pikine), using an isotopic, micro, drug susceptibility test. The mean IC50 values (50% inhibitory concentration) for pyronaridine and amodiaquine were 3.8 nM (95% confidence interval (95% CI), 3.

Synthesis and antimalarial activities of fluoroalkyl derivatives of dihydroartemisinin.

Fluoroalkyl ethers (4) of dihydroartemisinin (2) have been prepared by reaction of fluoroalkyl alcohols with dihydroartemisinin by different methods (BF3,Et2O or TMSCl catalysis or Mitsunobu reaction). Ethers 4a-d derived from primary fluoroalkyl alcohols were obtained in moderate to good yields by these methods. Ethers 4e-j have been prepared from fluoroalkyl secondary and tertiary alcohols and phenol using the Mitsunobu reaction.

In vitro activity of artemether against African isolates (Senegal) of Plasmodium falciparum in comparison with standard antimalarial drugs.

The in vitro activity of artemether against 56 African isolates of Plasmodium falciparum from Senegal was evaluated using an isotope-based drug susceptibility semi-microtest. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) values for artemether were in a narrow range from 0.8 to 15.

Proguanil resistance in Plasmodium falciparum African isolates: assessment by mutation-specific polymerase chain reaction and in vitro susceptibility testing.

The antifolate proguanil is commonly used in the prophylaxis and treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. A series of point mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene has been linked to differential susceptibility of varied P. falciparum clones or isolates to this drug.

Periodontal conditions in 35-44-yr-old adults in France, 1993.

A national study was carried out in France in 1993 to assess the periodontal status of the population aged 35-44 yr. The study took part in the Second International Collaborative Study of Oral Health Outcomes developed and coordinated by the World Health Organization. The representative sample was composed of 1000 subjects.

Oral health in 35-44 year old adults in France.

In 1994, a national study was carried out in the Rhône-Alpes area of France, within the WHO International Collaborative Study on Oral Health Outcomes. One thousand, 35-44-year-old adults were examined in 35 geographical sites. WHO assessment forms were used for the survey.

Characterisation of the binding sites of monoclonal antibodies reacting with the Plasmodium falciparum rhoptry protein RhopH3.

Twenty one mouse monoclonal antibodies reacting or cross-reacting with the Plasmodium falciparum RhopH3 protein reacted with Ag44, a recombinant antigen expressing the 134 C-terminal RhopH3 residues. Using overlapping peptides scanning this region, two major binding sites were identified. The first one, recognised by eight anti-RhopH3 and seven cross-reacting mAbs, was mapped to the sequence Thr Asp Asn Thr Tyr or Thr Asp Asn Thr Tyr Lys (aa 823-828), depending on the support used for synthesis.

[Malaria epidemic during a military-humanitarian mission in Africa].

A malaria epidemic broke out among French servicemen during a humanitarian military mission carried out in Central Africa in 1996. The purpose of this study was to determine compliance with drug prophylaxis for malaria by measuring blood levels of antimalarial drugs (combination treatment using chloroquine-proguanil or treatment with doxycycline) as well as to assess the conditions of vector control. The incidence density rate of malaria over a 60-day period was 3.

[Drug sensitivity of falciparum malaria imported into France in 1995].

The National Reference Centre for Malaria Chemosusceptibility (CNRCP) and the Tropical Medicine Institute of the Health Department for the Army (IMTSSA) monitor the chemosusceptibility of falciparum malaria introduced in France. In 1995, 353 isolates of P. falciparum are sent to the CNRCP and IMTSSA from malaria cases presenting in 49 civil and military hospitals distributed all over the french country.

Caries prevalence in 12-year-old schoolchildren in New Caledonia.

This study reports on the most recent epidemiological survey undertaken in New Caledonia, a French dependency in the South Pacific. Three hundred and twenty-five 12-year-old children were selected from schools using the World Health Organization pathfinder sampling methodology. The results showed a DMFT of 4.

Electrocardiographic changes and halofantrine plasma level during acute falciparum malaria.

The aim of this study was 1) to assess the incidence of electrocardiographic changes after treatment with halofantrine and 2) to study the relationship between these changes and plasma levels of halofantrine and its main metabolite, N-desbutyl-halofantrine. Thirty-four male patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria were enrolled in this study. Halofantrine was administered on two separate days at a total oral dosage of 24 mg/kg/day in three doses over a 12-hr period.

[In vitro sensitivity of 85 Plasmodium falciparum isolates in the Fatick region, Senegal].

Increasing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine and other antimalarials has been reported in Africa. Only fragmentary data are available for Senegal. Although combined chloroquine-proguanil is soon scheduled for released on the market, few studies have been published concerning the susceptibility of isolates to either drug.