Introduction: Cancer-associated cachexia (CC) is a progressive syndrome characterized by unintentional weight loss, muscle atrophy, fatigue, and poor outcomes that affects most patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). The ability to identify and classify CC stage along its continuum early in the disease process is challenging but critical for management.
Objectives: The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of CC stage overall and by sex and race and ethnicity among treatment-naïve PDAC cases using clinical, nutritional, and functional criteria.
Many patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) remain undiagnosed and thus untreated, and in part this relates to delay in diagnosis. Novel diagnostic strategies may improve access to diagnosis. In a multicentre, randomised study, we evaluated time to treatment decision in patients referred for suspected OSA, comparing a mandibular movement (MM) monitor to respiratory polygraphy, the most commonly used OSA detection method in the UK.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: We aimed to identify whether social determinants of health (SDoH) are associated with the development of sepsis and assess the differences between individuals living within systematically disadvantaged neighbourhoods compared with those living outside these neighbourhoods.
Methods: We conducted a single-centre case-control study including 300 randomly selected adult patients (100 patients with sepsis and 200 patients without sepsis) admitted to the emergency department of a large academic tertiary care hospital in Hamilton, ON, Canada. We collected data on demographics and a limited set of SDoH variables, including neighbourhood household income, smoking history, social support, and history of alcohol disorder.
Background: Cadherins are calcium-dependent transmembrane cell-cell adhesion proteins that are essential for metazoan development. They consist of three subfamilies: classical cadherins, which bind catenin, protocadherins, which contain 6-7 calcium-binding repeat domains, and atypical cadherins. Their functions include forming adherens junctions, establishing planar cell polarity (PCP), and regulating cell shape, proliferation, and migration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Explored the diversity and inclusion of our annual meeting. The authors compared our members' diversity to the participation in the impactful portions of our annual conference as a measure of our organizational inclusion.
Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed and calculated the diversity demographics of our membership based on our 2022 data.
Objectives: Registry-based randomized controlled trials (RRCTs) are increasingly used, promising to address challenges associated with traditional randomized controlled trials. We identified strengths and limitations reported in planned and completed RRCTs to inform future RRCTs.
Study Design And Setting: We conducted an environmental scan of literature discussing conceptual or methodological strengths and limitations of using registries for trial design and conduct (n = 12), followed by an analysis of RRCT protocols (n = 13) and reports (n = 77) identified from a scoping review.
Unlabelled: Evaluating risk for sepsis is complicated due to limited understanding of how social determinants of health (SDoH) influence the occurence of the disease. This scoping review aims to identify gaps and summarize the existing literature on SDoH and the development of sepsis in adults.
Data Sources: A literature search using key terms related to sepsis and SDoH was conducted using Medline and PubMed.
Background: Post-cardiac arrest, outcomes for most patients are poor, regardless of setting. Many patients who do achieve spontaneous return of circulation require vasopressor therapy to maintain organ perfusion. There is some evidence to support the use of corticosteroids in cardiac arrest.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArtificial intelligence technology is becoming more prevalent in health care as a tool to improve practice patterns and patient outcomes. This study assessed ability of a commercialized artificial intelligence (AI) mobile application to identify and improve bodyweight squat form in adult participants when compared to a physical therapist (PT). Participants randomized to AI group (n = 15) performed 3 squat sets: 10 unassisted control squats, 10 squats with performance feedback from AI, and 10 additional unassisted test squats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe used capped analysis of gene expression with sequencing (CAGE-seq) to profile eRNA expression and enhancer activity during embryogenesis of a model echinoderm: the sea urchin, We identified more than 18,000 enhancers that were active in mature oocytes and developing embryos and documented a burst of enhancer activation during cleavage and early blastula stages. We found that a large fraction (73.8%) of all enhancers active during the first 48 h of embryogenesis were hyperaccessible no later than the 128-cell stage and possibly even earlier.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPerspect ASHA Spec Interest Groups
December 2020
Purpose: The purpose of this article was to examine evidence that (a) published measures may tap different categories of print knowledge and result in disparate findings in the literature, (b) concept vocabulary knowledge in children with hearing loss may exacerbate deficits in conceptual print knowledge, and (c) concept vocabulary can be taught via direct instruction for preschool children with hearing loss.
Method: In Study 1, an item analysis of published print knowledge measures was performed to determine the prevalence of concept vocabulary in test items. Additionally, the performance on a conceptual print knowledge measure was compared for preschool children with and without hearing loss.
: Well-annotated, high-quality biorepositories provide a valuable platform to support translational research. However, most biorepositories have poor representation of minority groups, limiting the ability to address health disparities. : We describe the establishment of the Florida Pancreas Collaborative (FPC), the first state-wide prospective cohort study and biorepository designed to address the higher burden of pancreatic cancer (PaCa) in African Americans (AA) compared to Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) and Hispanic/Latinx (H/L).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe potential use of cannabis and cannabinoid products for the treatment of low-back pain is an important area for investigation. As one of the leading reasons to visit a primary care provider, low-back pain results in a significant burden of disease in both the United States' economic and health care systems. Given the current opioid epidemic, it is important to seek novel analgesics and understand their efficacy for myriad pain conditions, including low-back pain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: It is estimated that 564,000 Canadians are currently living with dementia and there are approximately 486,000 to 1.1 million informal family/friend caregivers. Family/friend caregivers often receive little to no education or training about dementia but are expected to provide ongoing support for a complex condition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg
March 2019
Background: The live attenuated tetravalent dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV) is licensed using a 0-, 6- and 12-month schedule in dengue-endemic areas. An effective shorter schedule may provide more rapid, optimal protection of targeted populations during vaccine campaigns in dengue-endemic countries. We compared immune responses to two schedules of CYD-TDV in a non-endemic population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWe report a case of anomalous origin of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) from the main pulmonary artery in a child with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (mitral atresia/aortic atresia). Mechanical circulatory support was necessary because of the inability to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass after the Norwood procedure. The patient died at 4 months of age having continued depressed right ventricular function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: The challenges presented by traumatic injuries in low-resource communities are especially relevant in South Sudan. This study was conducted to assess whether a 3-day wilderness first aid (WFA) training course taught in South Sudan improved first aid knowledge. Stonehearth Open Learning Opportunities (SOLO) Schools designed the course to teach people with limited medical knowledge to use materials from their environment to provide life-saving care in the event of an emergency.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRugby union (RU) is a complex high-intensity intermittent collision sport with emphasis placed on players possessing high lean body mass and low body fat. After an 8 to 12-week pre-season focused on physiological adaptations, emphasis shifts towards competitive performance. However, there are no objective data on the physiological demands or energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE) for elite players during this period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSurg Clin North Am
April 2015
Clinical trials have provided guidance in developing triggers for transfusing in the hemodynamically stable patient. These studies have identified that improved outcomes can be obtained in the massively transfused patient when platelets and fresh frozen plasma are transfused with packed red blood cells. Studies that characterize the complications of transfusions, such as transfusion-related acute lung injury and poor cancer-related outcomes, are discussed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWorld J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg
January 2015
Cyanosis after surgical closure of ventricular and/or atrial septal defect is very unusual. We report a case of unroofed coronary sinus in a six-month-old boy who developed cyanosis after surgical closure of ventricular and atrial septal defects. Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management are discussed.
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