Anesthesiologists' familiarity with the ASA and ACS guidelines on Advance Directives in the perioperative setting.

Study Objective: To assess anesthesiologists' familiarity with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and American College of Surgeons (ACS) guidelines on Advance Directives in the perioperative setting.

Design: Single-center, 4-question anonymous survey.

Setting: Urban academic medical center.

Lumbar plexus blockade reduces pain after hip arthroscopy: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Background: Hip arthroscopy causes moderate to severe postoperative pain. We hypothesized that performance of a lumbar plexus block (LPB) would reduce postoperative pain in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) for patients discharged home on the day of surgery.

Methods: Patients received a combined spinal epidural with IV sedation, ondansetron, and ketorolac.

The efficacy of dispersal in relation to safe site density.

For plant species, the most immediate function of dispersal is the placement of propagules in safe sites where they can grow and survive. The efficacy of any mode of dispersal is measured by the number of propagules so placed, and depends on the distribution of distances traveled by propagules and by the density of safe sites. A graphical model is developed to describe the relationship between these two factors, and to provide a method for comparing the efficacy of dispersal in different species.