Biological sex does not influence the peak cardiac output response to twelve weeks of sprint interval training.

Sprint interval training (SIT) increases peak oxygen uptake (V̇O) but the mechanistic basis is unclear. We have reported that 12 wk of SIT increased V̇O and peak cardiac output (Q̇) and the changes in these variables were correlated. An exploratory analysis suggested that Q̇ increased in males but not females.

The effect of bodyweight exercise on 24-h glycemic responses determined by continuous glucose monitoring in healthy inactive adults: a randomized crossover study.

Vigorous intermittent exercise can improve indices of glycemia in the 24 h postexercise period in apparently healthy individuals. We examined the effect of a single session of bodyweight exercise (BWE) on glycemic responses using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) under controlled dietary conditions. Healthy inactive adults (n = 27; 8 males, 19 females; age: 23 ± 3 years) completed 2 virtually supervised trials spaced ~ 1 week apart in a randomized, crossover manner.

Peak Cardiac Output Determined Using Inert Gas Rebreathing: A Comparison of Two Exercise Protocols.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare Q˙peak elicited by a constant load protocol ( Q˙CL ) and an incremental step protocol ( Q˙step ).

Methods: A noninferiority randomized crossover trial was used to compare Q˙peak between protocols using a noninferiority margin of 0.5 L·min -1 .

Confirmatory Middle Cerebral Artery Doppler Testing in Alloimmunized Patients with Suspected Fetal Anemia.

Objective: This article aimed to evaluate pregnancy outcomes when a plan to perform fetal blood sampling (FBS) or delivery was based solely on the first abnormal middle cerebral artery peak velocity (MCA-PV) measurement compared with making a plan after a confirmatory test on a subsequent day.

Study Design: We performed a descriptive study of pregnancy outcomes including all patients in a single healthcare system with maternal red cell alloimmunization undergoing ultrasound between 2005 and 2017 who had at least one MCA-PV>1.5 multiples of the median (MoM).

Twelve weeks of sprint interval training increases peak cardiac output in previously untrained individuals.

Introduction: Sprint interval training (SIT), characterized by brief bouts of 'supramaximal' exercise interspersed with recovery periods, increases peak oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]) despite a low total exercise volume. Per the Fick principle, increased [Formula: see text] is attributable to increased peak cardiac output ([Formula: see text]) and/or peak arterio-venous oxygen difference (a-vO). There are limited and equivocal data regarding the physiological basis for SIT-induced increases in [Formula: see text], with most studies lasting ≤ 6 weeks.

Increased cardiorespiratory stress during submaximal cycling after ketone monoester ingestion in endurance-trained adults.

There is growing interest in the effect of exogenous ketone body supplementation on exercise responses and performance. The limited studies to date have yielded equivocal data, likely due in part to differences in dosing strategy, increase in blood ketones, and participant training status. Using a randomized, double-blind, counterbalanced design, we examined the effect of ingesting a ketone monoester (KE) supplement (600 mg/kg body mass) or flavour-matched placebo in endurance-trained adults ( = 10 males, = 9 females; O = 57 ± 8 mL/kg/min).

Emergency-release blood transfusions after postpartum hemorrhage at the Intermountain Healthcare hospitals.

Background: Most low-risk obstetric patients do not have crossmatched blood available to treat unexpected postpartum hemorrhage. An emergency-release blood transfusion (ERBT) program is critical for hospitals with obstetrical services. We performed a retrospective analysis of obstetrical ERBTs administered in our multihospital system.

Unusual Circumstances and Additional Procedures for Fetal Evaluation in Labor.

This chapter describes several circumstances in which the interpretation of the intrapartum fetal heart rate pattern falls outside the usual frame of reference. This includes a more extensive discussion of causes of tachycardia and bradycardia. Ways in which a fetal dysrhythmia may manifest itself in the context of heart rate monitoring are described.

Anticipatory Corticosteroid Administration to Asymptomatic Women with a Short Cervix.

Objective:  A short cervix is an important risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth. There is substantial evidence that antenatal exposure to corticosteroids significantly benefits infants that are born when delivery occurs between 24 and 34 weeks' gestation and after 48 hours but within 7 days of their administration. Our study was to evaluate whether asymptomatic women who are given a course of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) at the time a short cervix is identified deliver within the window of proven steroid benefit.

Mass Spectrometry Based Metabolomics Comparison of Liver Grafts from Donors after Circulatory Death (DCD) and Donors after Brain Death (DBD) Used in Human Orthotopic Liver Transplantation.

Use of marginal liver grafts, especially those from donors after circulatory death (DCD), has been considered as a solution to organ shortage. Inferior outcomes have been attributed to donor warm ischaemic damage in these DCD organs. Here we sought to profile the metabolic mechanisms underpinning donor warm ischaemia.

Structure and spectroscopic properties of N,S-coordinating 2-methyl-sulfanyl-N-[(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methyl-idene]aniline methanol monosolvate.

The reaction of pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde and 2-(methyl-sulfan-yl)aniline in refluxing methanol gave an olive-green residue in which yellow crystals of the title compound, C12H12N2S·CH3OH, were grown from slow evaporation of methanol at 263 K. In the crystal, hydrogen-bonding inter-actions link the aniline mol-ecule and a nearby methanol solvent mol-ecule. These units are linked by a pair of weak C-H⋯Omethanol interactions, forming inversion dimers consisting of two main molecules and two solvent molecules.

Interobserver variability of sonography for prediction of placenta accreta.

Objectives: The sensitivity of sonography to predict accreta has been reported as higher than 90%. However, most studies are from single expert investigators. Our objective was to analyze interobserver variability of sonography for prediction of placenta accreta.

Biomarker differences between cadaveric grafts used in human orthotopic liver transplantation as identified by coulometric electrochemical array detection (CEAD) metabolomics.

Metabolomics in systems biology research unravels intracellular metabolic changes by high throughput methods, but such studies focusing on liver transplantation (LT) are limited. Microdialysate samples of liver grafts from donors after circulatory death (DCD; n=13) and brain death (DBD; n=27) during cold storage and post-reperfusion phase were analyzed through coulometric electrochemical array detection (CEAD) for identification of key metabolomics changes. Metabolite peak differences between the graft types at cold phase, post-reperfusion trends, and in failed allografts, were identified against reference chromatograms.

Extracorporeal life support in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: how long should we treat?

Background: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a frequently lethal birth defect and, despite advances, extracorporeal life support (ie, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation [ECMO]) is commonly required for severely affected patients. Published data suggest that CDH survival after 2 weeks on ECMO is poor. Many centers limit duration of ECMO support.

Accuracy of ultrasound for the prediction of placenta accreta.

Objective: Ultrasound has been reported to be greater than 90% sensitive for the diagnosis of accreta. Prior studies may be subject to bias because of single expert observers, suspicion for accreta, and knowledge of risk factors. We aimed to assess the accuracy of ultrasound for the prediction of accreta.

Tachysystole in term labor: incidence, risk factors, outcomes, and effect on fetal heart tracings.

Objective: Recent recommendations called for obstetricians to abandon the terms of "hyperstimulation" and "hypercontractility" in favor of the more rigidly defined term, "tachysystole" (TS). The aim of the current study is to describe incidence of and risk factors for TS, describe fetal heart rate (FHR) changes associated with TS, and investigate maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with TS.

Study Design: For this retrospective cohort study, we reviewed and analyzed the intrapartum FHR and tocometric characteristics of all patients with a singleton, nonanomalous fetus in term labor in a single hospital system over a 28-month period.

Fetal umbilical vein deviation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Objectives: Deviation of the intra-abdominal umbilical vein has been described as a marker of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and has been shown to help identify liver herniation into the fetal chest. The purpose of this study was to quantify the degree of deviation in affected fetuses and to determine the accuracy of measurements for diagnosing liver herniation.

Methods: In patients undergoing prenatal sonography for CDH, the midhepatic portion of the umbilical vein was identified, and the distance between the lateral edge of the vein and the inner rib margin was measured.

A functional neuroimaging analysis of the Trail Making Test-B: implications for clinical application.

Recent progress has been made using fMRI as a clinical assessment tool, often employing analogues of traditional "paper and pencil" tests. The Trail Making Test (TMT), popular for years as a neuropsychological exam, has been largely ignored in the realm of neuroimaging, most likely because its physical format and administration does not lend itself to straightforward adaptation as an fMRI paradigm. Likewise, there is relatively more ambiguity about the neural systems associated with this test than many other tests of comparable clinical use.

Effect of glycogen availability on human skeletal muscle protein turnover during exercise and recovery.

We examined the effect of carbohydrate (CHO) availability on whole body and skeletal muscle protein utilization at rest, during exercise, and during recovery in humans. Six men cycled at approximately 75% peak O(2) uptake (Vo(2peak)) to exhaustion to reduce body CHO stores and then consumed either a high-CHO (H-CHO; 71 + or - 3% CHO) or low-CHO (L-CHO; 11 + or - 1% CHO) diet for 2 days before the trial in random order. After each dietary intervention, subjects received a primed constant infusion of [1-(13)C]leucine and l-[ring-(2)H(5)]phenylalanine for measurements of the whole body net protein balance and skeletal muscle protein turnover.

Application of metabolomics to investigate the process of human orthotopic liver transplantation: a proof-of-principle study.

To improve the outcome of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), knowledge of early molecular events occurring upon ischemia/reperfusion is essential. Powerful approaches for profiling metabolic changes in tissues and biofluids are now available. Our objective was to investigate the applicability of two technologies to a small but well-defined cohort of patients undergoing OLT: consecutive liver biopsies by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and microdialysates of extracellular fluid by coulometric electrochemical array detection (CEAD).

Ordinal pattern based similarity analysis for EEG recordings.

Objective: Ordinal patterns analysis such as permutation entropy of the EEG series has been found to usefully track brain dynamics and has been applied to detect changes in the dynamics of EEG data. In order to further investigate hidden nonlinear dynamical characteristics in EEG data for differentiating brain states, this paper proposes a novel dissimilarity measure based on the ordinal pattern distributions of EEG series.

Methods: Given a segment of EEG series, we first map this series into a phase space, then calculate the ordinal sequences and the distribution of these ordinal patterns.