Anatomy and Imaging of Accessory Liver Lobes: What Radiologists Should Know.

Although the liver may present a range of congenital anomalies, often involving shape irregularities or the number of lobules, less common variations include the presence of accessory liver lobes (ALL), consisting of a supernumerary lobe of normal hepatic parenchyma in continuity with the liver. This paper reviews the embryology, frequency, anatomy, and types of ALL. Furthermore, we describe computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings in a range of such cases, including those simulating disease or presenting with complications.

Recommendations for the treatment of vulvar cancer in settings with limited resources: Report from the International Gynecological Cancer Society consensus meeting.

Introduction: Due to scant literature and the absence of high-level evidence, the treatment of vulvar cancer is even more challenging in countries facing limited resources, where direct application of international guidelines is difficult. Recommendations from a panel of experts convened to address some of these challenges were developed.

Methods: The panel met in Rio de Janeiro in September 2019 during the International Gynecological Cancer Society congress and was composed of specialists from countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East.

Recommendations for the prevention, screening, diagnosis, staging, and management of cervical cancer in areas with limited resources: Report from the International Gynecological Cancer Society consensus meeting.

Introduction: Nearly 85% of cervical cancer new cases are diagnosed in limited resources countries. Although several strategies have been proposed to reduce the disease burden, challenges remain to provide the best possible care. We report recommendations from an expert consensus meeting convened to address from prevention to management of cervical cancer in limited resources countries.

Vaginal cancer: Why should we care? Anatomy, staging and in-depth imaging-based review of vaginal malignancies focusing on MRI and PET/CT.

Vaginal cancer often poses a challenge for clinical and radiological diagnosis, and its risk factors, progression, and treatment are still poorly established. Although vaginal malignancies are rare, even globally, their rates have increased due to the increased access to healthcare and the evolution of screening measures and diagnostic methods. Because the vaginal cavity is a virtual space, it can harbor lesions that often go unnoticed and, not infrequently, diagnosed belatedly.

Brazilian Group of Gastrointestinal Tumours' consensus guidelines for the management of oesophageal cancer.

Oesophageal cancer is among the ten most common types of cancer worldwide. More than 80% of the cases and deaths related to the disease occur in developing countries. Local socio-economic, epidemiologic and healthcare particularities led us to create a Brazilian guideline for the management of oesophageal and oesophagogastric junction (OGJ) carcinomas.

Consensus on Screening, Diagnosis, and Staging Tools for Prostate Cancer in Developing Countries: A Report From the First Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries (PCCCDC).

Purpose: To generate and present the survey results on critical issues relevant to screening, diagnosis, and staging tools for prostate cancer (PCa) focused on developing countries.

Methods: A total of 36 of 300 questions concern the main areas of interest of this paper: (1) screening, (2) diagnosis, and (3) staging for various risk levels of PCa in developing countries. A panel of 99 international multidisciplinary cancer experts voted on these questions to create recommendations for screening, diagnosing, and staging tools for PCa in areas of limited resources discussed in this manuscript.

Treatment of Localized and Locally Advanced, High-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Report From the First Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference for Developing Countries.

Purpose: To generate and present survey results on important issues relevant to treatment and follow-up of localized and locally advanced, high-risk prostate cancer (PCa) focusing on developing countries.

Methods: A panel of 99 PCa experts developed more than 300 survey questions of which 67 questions concern the main areas of interest of this article: treatment and follow-up of localized and locally advanced, high-risk PCa in developing countries. A larger panel of 99 international multidisciplinary cancer experts voted on these questions to create the recommendations for treatment and follow-up of localized and locally advanced, high-risk PCa in areas of limited resources discussed in this article.

Structured MRI reporting increases completeness of radiological reports and requesting physicians' satisfaction in the diagnostic workup for pelvic endometriosis.

Purpose: MRI plays an important role in the diagnosis and surgical planning of pelvic endometriosis (PE), and imaging reports should contain all relevant information (completeness). As structured reports are being increasingly utilized, we aimed to evaluate whether structured MRI reporting increases the quality of reports regarding completeness and, consequently, their perceived value by gynecologists, in comparison to free-text reports. We also aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of both formats.

Brazilian Group of Gastrointestinal Tumours' consensus guidelines for the management of gastric cancer.

Gastric cancer is among the ten most common types of cancer worldwide. Most cases and deaths related to the disease occur in developing countries. Local socio-economic, epidemiologic and healthcare particularities led us to create a Brazilian guideline for the management of gastric carcinomas.

The "streamline phenomenon" of the portal vein flow and its influence on liver involvement by gastrointestinal diseases: current concepts and imaging-based review.

The streamline flow in the portal system is a phenomenon by which blood from superior mesenteric vein goes preferentially to the right hepatic lobe, while splenic and inferior mesenteric veins divert preferentially to the left lobe. Such a phenomenon results in different patterns of distribution of several liver diseases. The purpose of this article is to discuss the concepts behind the theory of streamline flow and to perform an imaging-based review of representative cases, demonstrating how it may influence the patterns of liver involvement in different gastrointestinal diseases.

Is liver perfusion CT reproducible? A study on intra- and interobserver agreement of normal hepatic haemodynamic parameters obtained with two different software packages.

Objective: To evaluate the agreement between the measurements of perfusion CT parameters in normal livers by using two different software packages.

Methods: This retrospective study was based on 78 liver perfusion CT examinations acquired for detecting suspected liver metastasis. Patients with any morphological or functional hepatic abnormalities were excluded.

Analysis of the Abscopal Effect With Anti-PD1 Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Solid Tumors.

Abscopal effect is a rare phenomenon characterized by tumor regression of untreated metastatic lesions after a local therapy (eg, radiotherapy). We studied the probability of abscopal effect with radiotherapy associated with anti-programmed death cell 1 (PD1) therapy after progression on anti-PD1. This study is a retrospective analysis of patients treated with nivolumab or pembrolizumab for melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and renal cancer at Antônio Ermírio de Moraes Oncology Center, Brazil.

Beyond appendicitis: common and uncommon gastrointestinal causes of right lower quadrant abdominal pain at multidetector CT.

Right lower quadrant abdominal pain is one of the most common causes of a patient visit to the emergency department. Although appendicitis is the most common condition requiring surgery in patients with abdominal pain, right lower quadrant pain can be indicative of a vast list of differential diagnoses and is thus a challenge for clinicians. Other causes of right lower quadrant pain beyond appendicitis include inflammatory and infectious conditions involving the ileocecal region; diverticulitis; malignancies; conditions affecting the epiploic appendages, omentum, and mesentery; and miscellaneous conditions.

Diagnostic performance of stress perfusion and delayed-enhancement MR imaging in patients with coronary artery disease.

Purpose: To prospectively determine the accuracy of a combined magnetic resonance (MR) imaging approach (stress first-pass perfusion imaging followed by delayed-enhancement imaging) for depicting clinically significant coronary artery stenosis (> or = 70% stenosis) in patients suspected of having or known to have coronary artery disease (CAD), with coronary angiography serving as the reference standard.

Materials And Methods: The committee on human research approved the study protocol, and all participants gave written informed consent. This study was HIPAA compliant.