POSITION OF IN-THE-BAG POSTERIOR CHAMBER INTRAOCULAR LENSES RELATIVE TO THE LIMBUS: Applications to Scleral-Sutured Lenses.

Purpose: To characterize the true position of in-the-bag intraocular lenses (IOLs) relative to the limbus using ultrasound biomicroscopy and estimate scleral-sutured IOL positioning.

Methods: This prospective single-center study included 70 eyes of 41 patients with in-the-bag posterior chamber IOLs. Four vertical ultrasound biomicroscopy captures were performed in each eye in the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants.

Pseudopemphigoid: Sarcoidosis presenting as cicatricial conjunctivitis with symblepharon.

Conjunctival involvement in sarcoidosis is commonly characterized by epibulbar nodules or follicular conjunctivitis. The authors describe an apparently healthy woman who developed extensive monocular cicatricial conjunctivitis with symblepharon. The array of conditions presenting with cicatricial conjunctivitis was considered, with mucous membrane pemphigoid leading the diagnostic possibilities.

An adult with COVID-19 kawasaki-like syndrome and ocular manifestations.

Purpose: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 and its associated infection known as COVID-19 have resulted in a global pandemic. Ocular manifestations of COVID-19 are nonspecific and include hyperemia, chemosis, epiphora, secretions, and eyelid edema. There is a paucity in the literature regarding COVID-19 related inflammatory syndromes which may also include ocular manifestations.

Dupilumab-Associated Blepharoconjunctivitis with Giant Papillae.

Purpose: To describe a case of severe dupilumab-associated blepharoconjunctivitis with giant papillae treated with high potency corticosteroid eyedrops, without discontinuing or reducing dupilumab therapy.

Case Report: A 22-year-old Latin American female with a long history of severe atopic dermatitis (AD) with no ocular involvement presented 20 weeks after starting treatment with dupilumab injections with blurry vision, multiple chalazia, eyelid swelling and severe conjunctival injection in both eyes. She also reports having a hordeolum 2 months prior and severely dry eyes starting 2 weeks prior.

A case of hypertrophic herpes simplex virus affecting the eyelid and cornea masquerading as IgG4-related disease.

Purpose: To report a case of hypertrophic herpes simplex virus (HSV) of the eyelid and cornea masquerading as IgG4-related disease.

Observations: A 37-year old African American female with a past medical history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and a recent history of treated genital herpes, presented with an ulcerative lesion of the left upper and lower eyelids, and severe ocular inflammation with symblepharon. Initially, eyelid biopsy revealed findings consistent with IgG4-related disease, and the patient was treated with high dose oral prednisone.

Gout Keratitis: A Case of Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis Secondary to Gout With a Review of the Literature.

Purpose: To report a case of peripheral ulcerative keratitis secondary to gout.

Methods: A 41-year-old man with a history of severe gout disease presented with pain and redness of the right eye. Physical examination revealed 2 areas of peripheral corneal thinning with overlying epithelial defects.

Ocular Adverse Effects of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Are Potentiated by Intermittent Hypoxia in a Rat Model of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy.

Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) use in preterm infants with retinopathy of prematurity is associated with severe neurological disabilities, suggesting vascular leakage. We examined the hypothesis that intermittent hypoxia (IH) potentiates intravitreal Avastin leakage. Neonatal rats at birth were exposed to IH from birth (P0)-P14.

Neonatal Intermittent Hypoxia, Reactive Oxygen Species, and Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy.

Most of the major morbidities in the preterm newborn are caused by or are associated with oxygen-induced injuries and are aptly called "oxygen radical diseases in neonatology or ORDIN". These include bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, periventricular leukomalacia, intraventricular hemorrhage, necrotizing enterocolitis and others. Relative hyperoxia immediately after birth, immature antioxidant systems, biomolecular events favoring oxidative stress such as iron availability and the role of hydrogen peroxide as a key molecular mediator of these events are reviewed.

Evaluation of the Effect of Cycloplegia on Anterior Chamber Depth in Cataract Patients Using Optical Low-Coherence Reflectometry.

Purpose: The study was performed to study the effect of cycloplegia on anterior chamber depth (ACD) in cataract eyes. One instrument (Lenstar) was used for all measurements.

Methods: Anterior chamber depth calculations were taken with the Lenstar in cataract eyes with a mean age of 71.

Pharmacologic synergism of ocular ketorolac and systemic caffeine citrate in rat oxygen-induced retinopathy.

Background: Caffeine or ketorolac decrease the risk of retinopathy of prematurity and may act synergistically to improve beneficial effect. Combination of caffeine (Caff) and ketorolac (Keto) to prevent oxygen-induced retinopathy was studied.

Methods: Newborn rats exposed to room air (RA) or intermittent hypoxia (IH) consisting of 12% O2 during hyperoxia (50% O2) from birth (P0) had single daily IP injections of Caff from P0-P13 or saline; and/or ocular Keto (Acuvail, 0.

Pharmacologic interventions for the prevention and treatment of retinopathy of prematurity.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a significant morbidity in prematurely born infants, is the most common cause of visual impairment and blindness in children and persists till adulthood. Strict control of oxygen therapy and prevention of intermittent hypoxia are the keys in the prevention of ROP, but pharmacologic interventions have decreased risk of ROP. Various drug classes such as methylxanthines (caffeine), VEGF inhibitors, antioxidants, and others have decreased ROP occurrence.

Seasonal Variation in the Presentation of Infectious Keratitis.

Introduction: Infectious keratitis is a common ophthalmic disease with the potential for severe ocular morbidity. Multiple studies have described various risk factors for the development of infectious keratitis. The purpose of this study was to analyze the seasonal variation in the presentation of infectious keratitis, and also seasonal changes in its etiologies and risk factors.

Single and Compound Knock-outs of MicroRNA (miRNA)-155 and Its Angiogenic Gene Target CCN1 in Mice Alter Vascular and Neovascular Growth in the Retina via Resident Microglia.

The response of the retina to ischemic insult typically leads to aberrant retinal neovascularization, a major cause of blindness. The epigenetic regulation of angiogenic gene expression by miRNAs provides new prospects for their therapeutic utility in retinal neovascularization. Here, we focus on miR-155, a microRNA functionally important in inflammation, which is of paramount importance in the pathogenesis of retinal neovascularization.

Exogenous Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic Without Scavenging H2O2 Causes Photoreceptor Damage in a Rat Model for Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy.

Purpose: Frequent, brief intermittent episodes of hypoxia (IH) during hyperoxia increase reactive oxygen species in the immature retina with compromised antioxidant systems, thus leading to oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). We examined the hypothesis that early exposure to a mimetic of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the first line of defense against oxidative stress, will decrease IH-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevent severe OIR in our rat model.

Methods: To test this hypothesis, newborn rats (P0) were exposed to IH consisting of alternating cycles of 50% O₂ with brief hypoxia (12% O₂) until P14 during which they were treated with a single daily intraperitoneal (IP) dose of MnTBAP (a SOD mimetic) at 1.

The effect of positional changes on intraocular pressure during sleep in patients with and without glaucoma.

Purpose: To determine whether sleeping at a 20-degree head-up position decreases nocturnal intraocular pressure (IOP) compared with lying supine (flat) in patients with and without glaucoma.

Design: Prospective, nonrandomized comparative case series.

Materials And Methods: Thirty patients were recruited based on self-reported disease status with 15 glaucoma and 15 nonglaucoma patients; a total of 60 eyes were tested.

Hydrogen peroxide accumulation in the choroid during intermittent hypoxia increases risk of severe oxygen-induced retinopathy in neonatal rats.

Purpose: Extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs) requiring oxygen therapy often experience frequent episodes of intermittent hypoxia (IH) and are at high risk for severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Using an established model for oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR), we examined the hypothesis that there is a critical number of daily brief IH episodes which will result in irreversible retinal oxidative damage.

Methods: Newborn rats were exposed to increasing daily clustered IH episodes (12% O₂ with 50% O₂) from postnatal day (P) 0 to P7 or P0 to P14, or placed in room air (RA) until P21 following 7- or 14-day IH.

Orbital vicarious menstruation.

A 31-year-old African-American woman with a medical history of well-controlled hypertension sought treatment for recurrent, monthly, unilateral orbital and subconjunctival hemorrhage for 1 year. The episodes were cyclical and coincided with the timing of her menstrual cycle. Examination findings included right periorbital fullness and subconjunctival hemorrhage.

Scope of resident ophthalmology consultation service and patient follow-up rates at a level 1 trauma center in Brooklyn, New York.

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the most common reasons for urgent ophthalmology consultations in both the emergency room and inpatient settings at a large public hospital served by a busy ophthalmology residency program, and to track patient follow-up rates.

Methods: We reviewed the medical records of all patients evaluated by the ophthalmology consultation service at Kings County Hospital Center from June 2003 to October 2005 using a retrospective hospital-based study design. We categorized emergency room patients and inpatients into traumatic and nontraumatic subgroups, and looked at diagnoses and patient demographics, as well as follow-up patterns for emergency room consultations.

Traumatic ruptured globe eye injuries in a large urban center.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine patient characteristics and outcomes in a group of consecutive patients with ruptured globe eye injuries at Kings County Hospital Center, a large, urban, level 1 trauma center.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed to identify all patients with ruptured globe eye injuries seen between January 2009 and October 2011. Thirty-eight patients who sustained ruptured globe eye injuries from all causes were investigated for etiology and final visual outcomes.

Massive intracorneal cyst in a patient with no ocular symptoms.

Objective: To report a rare case of intracorneal cyst with no ocular symptoms.

Methods: A case report of an intracorneal cyst that was treated with lubrication and intraocular pressure lowering medication is discussed.

Results: There was no increase in cyst size nor were there any new symptoms reported after 5 months of follow-up.

Case report: spontaneous Stenotrophomonas maltophilia keratitis in a diabetic patient.

Objectives: To report a rare case of spontaneous Stenotrophomonas maltophilia keratitis in a diabetic patient.

Methods: A case report of this rare ulcerative keratitis case with an extensive review of the literature.

Results: The patient's corneal infiltrate was successfully cultured and a rare ocular organism identified.

Peters anomaly: review of the literature.

Purpose: Peters anomaly is a rare dramatic finding at birth and can be associated with other systemic malformations. We performed a literature review of multiple case reports and case series to better define the common characteristics and unusual findings associated with Peters anomaly.

Methods: A representative case is discussed followed by a literature review of multiple case reports and case series.

Repair of limbal dermoid with excision and placement of a circumlimbal pericardial graft.

Objectives: To report the treatment of a limbal dermoid tumor with excision of the lesion combined with the placement of a processed pericardial graft.

Methods: A case report of a new approach to treat large limbal dermoids after excision of the lesion from the cornea and limbus.

Results: The surgical result was very reasonable from a cosmetic result, and the patient recovered quite well.