Cognitive performance following premature awakening from zolpidem or melatonin induced daytime sleep.

Background: The hypnotic zolpidem and the hormone melatonin were evaluated and directly compared for their effects on performance when subjects sleeping under their influence were prematurely awakened from daytime sleep.

Method: Non-sleep deprived volunteers (eight men and five women) received single oral doses of 5 or 10 mg melatonin (Mel-5; Mel-10), 10 or 20 mg zolpidem (Zol-10; Zol-20), or placebo immediately before retiring at 13:00. Performance testing and subjective evaluations occurred prior to dosing and following forced awakening at 15:00, 2 h after dosing.

Fatigue models for applied research in warfighting.

The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) has long pursued applied research concerning fatigue in sustained and continuous military operations.