Ten year experience of a PhD in the medical device industry.

Most of those who graduate with an advanced degree in biomedical engineering must choose between a career in academia or industry. In this paper, various aspects are discussed, including publications and patents, decision criteria between a scientific career and business management, importance of a business hypothesis to parallel scientific hypothesis, academic and cross industrial collaboration, and general skills needed in industry.

Comparison of impedance minute ventilation and direct measured minute ventilation in a rate adaptive pacemaker.

Respiration rate (RR) and minute ventilation (MV) provide important clinical information on the state of the patient. This study evaluated the accuracy of determining these using a pacemaker impedance sensor. In 20 patients who were previously implanted with a Guidant PULSAR MAX group of pacemakers, the telemetered impedance sensor waveform was recorded simultaneously with direct volume respiration waveforms as measured by a pneumatometer.