Comparative Effectiveness of Supine Avoidance versus Continuous Positive Airway Pressure for Treating Supine-isolated Sleep Apnea: A Clinical Trial.

About 20-35% of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) have supine-isolated OSA, for which supine sleep avoidance could be an effective therapy. However, traditional supine discomfort-based methods show poor tolerance and compliance to treatment and so cannot be recommended. Supine alarm devices show promise, but evidence to support favorable adherence to treatment and effectiveness at reducing excessive daytime sleepiness compared with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) remains limited.

Effects of continuous positive airway pressure on depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea: results from the sleep apnoea cardiovascular Endpoint randomised trial and meta-analysis.

Background: Whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment can improve depression or anxiety symptoms in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients remains uncertain.

Methods: Secondary analysis of the Sleep Apnea Cardiovascular Endpoints (SAVE) trial, combined with a systematic review of randomised evidence. The SAVE secondary analyses involved 2410 patients with co-existing moderate-severe OSA and established cardiovascular disease randomly allocated to CPAP treatment plus usual care or usual care alone and followed up for 3·7 (SD 1·6) years.

High Risk Characteristics for Recurrent Cardiovascular Events among Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnoea in the SAVE Study.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common comorbidity in patients with cardiovascular (CV) disease. We aimed to identify specific OSA clinical phenotypes relating to risks of serious CV events and response to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment.

Methods: Post-hoc analyses of the Sleep Apnea Cardiovascular Endpoints (SAVE) study in participants with moderate-to-severe OSA and coronary artery disease (CAD) and/or cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) randomised to CPAP plus usual care or usual care alone.

Making errors at work due to sleepiness or sleep problems is not confined to non-standard work hours: results of the 2016 Sleep Health Foundation national survey.

Almost one-third of Australians report having made errors at work that are related to sleep issues. While there is significant literature investigating the role of sleep in workplace health and safety in shiftworking and nightwork operations, long working hours, work-family conflict, and commute times getting longer also impact day workers' sleep behaviors and opportunities. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between sleep duration and disorders, sleep health and hygiene factors, work-related factors and errors at work in Australian workers.

Influence of Gender on Associations of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Symptoms with Chronic Conditions and Quality of Life.

Women are less likely than men to be diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We examined contemporary gender differences in symptoms, health status, and quality of life associated with diagnosed OSA and OSA symptoms in a population-based sample. A 2015 postal/on-line questionnaire of 2889 active participants of The North West Adelaide Health Study (response rate = 54%, male n = 704; female n = 856; age 30⁻100 years) assessed previously diagnosed OSA, OSA symptoms, insomnia, doctor-diagnosed medical conditions, and the SF-36.

Prevalence and comorbidity of sleep conditions in Australian adults: 2016 Sleep Health Foundation national survey.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of sleep conditions (obstructive sleep apnea [OSA], insomnia symptoms, simple snoring, and restless legs) and their associated burden of chronic conditions in a community sample.

Design: Cross-sectional national adult online survey.

Setting: Community-based sample.

Sickness absenteeism is associated with sleep problems independent of sleep disorders: results of the 2016 Sleep Health Foundation national survey.

Introduction: Sleep disorders are associated with sickness absenteeism (SA), at significant economic cost. Correlates of absenteeism are less well described in nonclinical samples.

Participants And Methods: We determined the relationship between markers of inadequate sleep and SA in a sample of 551 working adults aged ≥18 years across Australia.

Erectile dysfunction is independently associated with apnea-hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index in elderly, but not younger, community-dwelling men.

Objective(s): To examine the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and other sleep indices using polysomnography (PSG) data and erectile dysfunction (ED) in a representative cohort of men.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Community-based.

Sleep health of Australian adults in 2016: results of the 2016 Sleep Health Foundation national survey.

Objective: To measure the prevalence and social impacts of sleep problems in Australia.

Design: Cross-sectional national adult online survey.

Setting: Community-based sample.

Predictors of obstructive sleep apnoea in patients admitted for acute coronary syndrome.

Identifying undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients in cardiovascular clinics could improve their management. Aiming to build an OSA predictive model, a broad analysis of clinical variables was performed in a cohort of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients.Sociodemographic, anthropometric, life-style and pharmacological variables were recorded.

Nocturia, Other Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Sleep Dysfunction in a Community-Dwelling Cohort of Men.

Objectives: To examine the influence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on nocturia, controlling for their shared co-morbidities, in a population of community-based middle aged to elderly men.

Methods: Participants were drawn from a randomly selected, community-dwelling cohort of men in Adelaide, Australia. Seven hundred and eight men (mean: 60.

The association of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and nocturnal hypoxemia with the development of abnormal HbA1c in a population cohort of men without diabetes.

Aim: To examine the relationship between indices of undiagnosed OSA and the development of abnormal glycaemic control in community-dwelling men free of diabetes.

Methods: The Men, Androgens, Inflammation, Lifestyle, Environment, and Stress (MAILES) Study is a population-based cohort study in Adelaide, South Australia. Clinic visits at baseline (2002-06) and follow-up (2007-10) identified abnormal glycaemic metabolism [HbA1c 6.

Undiagnosed obstructive sleep apnea is independently associated with reductions in quality of life in middle-aged, but not elderly men of a population cohort.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is now highly prevalent but largely undiagnosed. Quality of life is an indicator of both the impact of undiagnosed OSA and the need for strategies to increase OSA diagnosis. We determined age-related impacts of undiagnosed OSA on health-related quality of life (HRQL) and whether this was independent of sleepiness and comorbidities.

The relationship between functional health literacy and obstructive sleep apnea and its related risk factors and comorbidities in a population cohort of men.

Study Objectives: To examine the relationship between functional health literacy (FHL) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), its diagnosis, related risk factors, and comorbidities.

Design: Population cohort study.

Setting: Adelaide, South Australia, 2011-12.

Investigating obstructive sleep apnoea: will the health system have the capacity to cope? A population study.

Objective: To obtain prevalence estimates of clinical features of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and identify the dimensions of the public health problem requiring further investigation for an Australian population.

Methods: The South Australian Health Omnibus Survey is an annual representative population survey of South Australians aged≥15 years, conducted via interviewer-administered questionnaire. In 2009, 3007 participants were asked the STOP-BANG instrument measure of obstructive sleep apnoea risk, which includes symptoms of loud snoring, frequent tiredness during daytime, observed apnoea, and high blood pressure (STOP), and measured body mass index, age, neck circumference and gender (BANG).

Treating obstructive sleep apnea with hypoglossal nerve stimulation.

Background: Reduced upper airway muscle activity during sleep is fundamental to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) pathogenesis. Hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HGNS) counteracts this problem, with potential to reduce OSA severity.

Study Objectives: To examine safety and efficacy of a novel HGNS system (HGNS, Apnex Medical, Inc.

Poor long-term patient compliance with the tennis ball technique for treating positional obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Objectives: Little is known regarding long-term patient compliance with the tennis ball technique (TBT), one of the original simple methods of positional therapy (i.e., avoiding the supine posture during sleep) for posture-dependent obstructive sleep apnea patients.

Upper airway function and arousability to ventilatory challenge in slow wave versus stage 2 sleep in obstructive sleep apnoea.

Unlabelled: Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) have reduced event rates during slow wave sleep (SWS) compared with stage 2 sleep. To explore this phenomenon, ventilatory and arousal timing responses to partial and complete airflow obstruction during SWS versus stage 2 sleep were examined.

Methods: Ten patients, mean+/-SD apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) 49.

Variability of QT interval duration in obstructive sleep apnea: an indicator of disease severity.

Study Objective: To determine OSA-related changes in variability of QT interval duration and in heart rate variability (HRV), and to evaluate the relationship of these parameters to disease severity.

Design: Retrospective analysis of diagnostic sleep records.

Settings: Clinical sleep laboratory in a hospital setting.

Mild hypoxia does not suppress auditory arousal from NREM sleep.

Study Objectives: The depressive effects of hypoxia on the central nervous system are well known. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of mild overnight hypoxia on the ability of healthy individuals to arouse from non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep to auditory tones.

Design: Randomized cross-over.

Efficacy of positive airway pressure and oral appliance in mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea.

The efficacy of currently recommended treatments is uncertain in patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI], 5-30). A group of 114 sleep clinic patients with an AHI of 5-30 have participated in a randomized controlled crossover trial of 3 months of treatment with each of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), a mandibular advancement splint, and a placebo tablet. Outcomes were sleep fragmentation and hypoxemia, daytime sleepiness, quality of life, neurobehavioral function, and blood pressure.

Noninvasive cardiovascular markers of acoustically induced arousal from non-rapid-eye-movement sleep.

Study Objectives: Changes in cardiovascular measures such as heart rate (HR) and pulse transit time (PTT) have been advocated as sensitive markers of autonomic arousal from sleep. In animal studies, alerting stimuli produce particularly marked skin vascular responses. We hypothesized that changes in skin vascular conductance would provide more sensitive markers of autonomic arousal during sleep compared to central cardiovascular response measures such as HR and PTT.

A randomized controlled trial of continuous positive airway pressure in mild obstructive sleep apnea.

A common clinical dilemma faced by sleep physicians is in deciding the level of severity at which patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) should be treated. There is particular uncertainty about the need for, and the effectiveness of, treatment in mild cases. To help define the role of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in mild OSA we undertook a randomized controlled cross-over trial of CPAP in patients with an apnea- hypopnea index (AHI) of 5 - 30 (mean, 12.