Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors and skin cancer risk in nonrenal solid organ transplant recipients: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Solid organ transplant recipients have an increased risk of malignancy compared with the general population. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have been used as immunosuppressants in transplant recipients. There remains a lack of evidence of this treatment in nonrenal solid organ transplantation.

Moebius syndrome: measures of observer intelligibility with versus without visual cues in bilateral facial paralysis.

Objective: This study investigated observers' intelligibility for the spoken output of an individual with Moebius syndrome (MoS) with and without visual cues.

Design: An audiovisual recording of the speaker's output was obtained for 50 Speech Intelligibility in Noise sentences consisting of 25 high predictability and 25 low predictability sentences. Stimuli were presented to observers under two conditions: audiovisual and audio only.

Perception of spasmodic dysphonia speech in background noise.

The purpose of this investigation was to judge whether the Lombard effect, a characteristic change in the acoustical properties of speech produced in noise, existed in adductor spasmodic dysphonia speech, and if so, whether the effect added to or detracted from speaker intelligibility. Intelligibility, as described by Duffy, is the extent to which the acoustic signal produced by a speaker is understood by a listener based on the auditory signal alone. Four speakers with adductor spasmodic dysphonia provided speech samples consisting of low probability sentences from the Speech Perception in Noise test to use as stimuli.

Measurement of speech disfluency through magnitude estimation and interval scaling.

The purpose was to assess whether equal-appearing interval or magnitude-estimation scaling resulted in a data set with a closer correlation to the physical stimuli, made up of speech samples with varying amounts of disfluency. 20 young adults completed two tasks. In Task 1, subjects used a 7-point equal-appearing interval scale to rate the disfluency of 10 speech samples having varying within sentence pause, presented randomly at 65 dB SPL.

Intelligibility of tracheoesophageal speech in noise.

The purpose of this investigation is to determine the extent to which background noise negatively impacts the intelligibility of tracheoesophageal (TE) speech. Four male TE speakers provided speech samples that were recorded in quiet and in noise conditions. The listener/subjects occupied a sound-treated booth and were presented with two tasks.