Concomitant DISH and cervical OPLL: a U.S. database study of clinical prevalence, surgical intervention, patient characteristics, and post-operative complications.

Background: Concomitant diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) and cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (cOPLL) is primarily investigated in radiographic studies of East Asian populations. This study aimed to determine clinical prevalence of concomitant DISH/cOPLL in a large U.S.

The glymphatic system and cerebral small vessel disease.

Objectives: Cerebral small vessel disease is a group of pathologies in which alterations of the brain's blood vessels contribute to stroke and neurocognitive changes. Recently, a neurotoxic waste clearance system composed of perivascular spaces abutting the brain's blood vessels, termed the glymphatic system, has been identified as a key player in brain homeostasis. Given that small vessel disease and the glymphatic system share anatomical structures, this review aims to reexamine small vessel disease in the context of the glymphatic system and highlight novel aspects of small vessel disease physiology.