Healthcare utilization and costs of children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder initiating atomoxetine versus extended-release guanfacine.

Objectives: To compare 1-year direct healthcare costs and utilization among children and adolescents initiating non-stimulant medications atomoxetine (ATX) or extended-release guanfacine (GXR).

Methods: In this retrospective, observational cohort study, children and adolescents aged 6-17 years with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who had ≥1 prescription claim for ATX or GXR between December 31, 2009 and January 1, 2011 were identified in the MarketScan Commercial or Multi-State Medicaid claims databases. The first claim was set as the index.

Profile of sexual and genitourinary treatment-emergent adverse events associated with atomoxetine treatment: a pooled analysis.

Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that begins in childhood. Atomoxetine is a selective inhibitor of the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter. Several studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of atomoxetine in the treatment of ADHD.

American Cancer Society lung cancer screening guidelines.

Findings from the National Cancer Institute's National Lung Screening Trial established that lung cancer mortality in specific high-risk groups can be reduced by annual screening with low-dose computed tomography. These findings indicate that the adoption of lung cancer screening could save many lives. Based on the results of the National Lung Screening Trial, the American Cancer Society is issuing an initial guideline for lung cancer screening.

Effect of atomoxetine on executive function impairments in adults with ADHD.

Objective: To assess the effect of atomoxetine on ADHD-related executive functions over a 6-month period using the Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale (BADDS) for Adults, a normed, 40-item, self-report scale in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Method: In a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, adults with ADHD received either atomoxetine 25 to 100 mg/day or placebo for 6 months. Patients completed the BADDS to report their current daily functioning in 5 clusters of ADHD-related impairments of executive functioning: (1) Organizing and Activating to Work; (2) Focusing for Tasks; (3) Regulating Alertness and Effort; (4) Modulating Emotions; and (5) Utilizing Working Memory.

Validation of the adult ADHD investigator symptom rating scale (AISRS).

Objective: Validation of the Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS) that measures aspects of ADHD in adults.

Method: Psychometric properties of the AISRS total and AISRS subscales are analyzed and compared to the Conners' Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-Investigator Rated: Screening Version (CAARS-Inv:SV) and the Clinical Global Impression-ADHD-Severity Scale using data from a placebo-controlled 6-month clinical trial of once-daily atomoxetine.

Results: The AISRS has high internal consistency, good convergent, and discriminant validities; modest divergent validity; and small ceiling and floor effects ( View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Once-daily atomoxetine for treating pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: comparison of morning and evening dosing.

In this 3-arm, randomized, double-blind trial, once-daily morning-dosed atomoxetine, evening-dosed atomoxetine, and placebo were compared for treating pediatric attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Patients received morning atomoxetine/evening placebo (n = 102), morning placebo/evening atomoxetine (n = 93), or morning placebo/evening placebo (n = 93) for about 6 weeks. Core symptom efficacy was measured at weeks 0, 1, 3, and 6.

Once-daily atomoxetine for adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a 6-month, double-blind trial.

This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-month trial examined the efficacy and safety of once-daily morning-dosed atomoxetine in adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the efficacy of atomoxetine in ameliorating symptoms through the evening hours. Patients received once-daily atomoxetine (n = 250) or placebo (n = 251) in the morning for approximately 6 months. The efficacy measures included the Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS), Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scale-Investigator Rated: Screening Version, Clinical Global Impressions-ADHD-Severity of Illness, and Adult ADHD Quality of Life Scale.

Subjective and objective measures of sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Objective: To compare objective and subjective measures of sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and healthy control subjects.

Methods: Included were 107 unmedicated children with ADHD and 46 healthy control subjects, all aged 6-14. Sleep-wake patterns were monitored with actigraphy for at least five consecutive days.

Latino versus Caucasian response to atomoxetine in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

ABSTRACT We examined the effects of atomoxetine in Latino (n = 108) versus Caucasian (n = 1090) pediatric outpatients (aged 6 to <18 years) during the first 10-11 weeks of treatment in two multicenter, open-label trials. Mean modal doses were not significantly different in Latinos (1.22 mg/kg per day) versus Caucasians (1.

Effects of atomoxetine on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in clinical pediatric treatment settings: a naturalistic study.

Background: Observational studies involving atomoxetine hydrochloride in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) complement randomized controlled trials by assessing treatment effects in a usual-care setting and including a more heterogeneous patient population.

Objective: To provide data on the effectiveness of atomoxetine in a naturalistic treatment setting according to both physician and parent ratings.

Design And Methods: A prospective, observational (non-interventional), longitudinal, open-label study of patients (N = 627; mean age = 11 years) with ADHD (from 60 physicians' offices in the United States and Puerto Rico) whose physicians had decided to prescribe atomoxetine either as initial treatment or after trying another ADHD treatment (e.

Functional outcomes in the treatment of adults with ADHD.

Objective: ADHD is associated with significant functional impairment in adults. The present study examined functional outcomes following 6-month double-blind treatment with either atomoxetine or placebo.

Method: Patients were 410 adults (58.

Atomoxetine treatment of ADHD in children with comorbid Tourette syndrome.

Objective: This study examines changes in severity of tics and ADHD during atomoxetine treatment in ADHD patients with Tourette syndrome (TS).

Method: Subjects (7-17 years old) with ADHD (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, DSM-IV) and TS were randomly assigned to double-blind treatment with placebo (n = 56) or atomoxetine (0.5-1.

A pilot study for augmenting atomoxetine with methylphenidate: safety of concomitant therapy in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: This study examined augmenting atomoxetine with extended-release methylphenidate in children whose attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) previously failed to respond adequately to stimulant medication.

Methods: Children with ADHD and prior stimulant treatment (N = 25) received atomoxetine (1.2 mg/kg/day) plus placebo.

Atomoxetine treatment for pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder with comorbid anxiety disorder.

Objective: Research suggests 25% to 35% of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have comorbid anxiety disorders. This double-blind study compared atomoxetine with placebo for treating pediatric ADHD with comorbid anxiety, as measured by the ADHD Rating Scale-IV-Parent Version: Investigator Administered and Scored (ADHDRS-IV-PI) and the Pediatric Anxiety Rating Scale (PARS).

Method: Patients (ages 8-17 years) meeting DSM-IV criteria for ADHD and generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and/or social phobia were randomized to 12 weeks of atomoxetine (n = 87) or placebo (n = 89).

Transition from methylphenidate or amphetamine to atomoxetine in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder--a preliminary tolerability and efficacy study.

Background: The primary treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been psychostimulants. Recently developed nonpsychostimulant treatments have allowed certain patients to switch from a psychostimulant to a nonpsychostimulant. However, the outcomes of such switches have not been systematically studied.

Addition of atomoxetine for depression incompletely responsive to sertraline: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Objective: Despite appropriate treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), many depressed patients do not attain remission. Addition of a noradrenergic intervention in patients poorly or partially responsive to SSRIs may improve outcomes, but few well-controlled studies testing this hypothesis have been reported.

Method: Patients with major depressive disorder (confirmed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV) were treated with sertraline at doses up to 200 mg/day in this study, conducted from June 18, 2003, to January 28, 2005.

Effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate on sleep in children with ADHD.

Study Objectives: This study compared the effects of atomoxetine and methylphenidate on the sleep of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study also compared the efficacy of these medications for treating ADHD in these children.

Design: Randomized, double-blind, crossover trial.

Placebo-controlled study of the effects of atomoxetine on bladder control in children with nocturnal enuresis.

Introduction: Nocturnal enuresis is a condition in which children at least 5 years of age are incontinent of urine at night. Atomoxetine, a potent inhibitor of the presynaptic norepinephrine transporter, is used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study tested the hypothesis that atomoxetine will provide significant therapeutic benefit for nocturnal enuresis in patients with the diagnosis of nocturnal enuresis.

Quality of life assessment in adult patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated with atomoxetine.

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has its onset during childhood and is estimated to affect 3% to 7% of school-aged children. Unfortunately, the disorder frequently persists into adult life. The burden of this disorder is considerable and is often characterized by academic (or occupational) impairment and dysfunction within the family and society.

Safety and tolerability of once versus twice daily atomoxetine in adults with ADHD.

Background: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder characterized by hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and inattention that affects 4% of adults. Atomoxetine hydrochloride is an FDA-approved treatment for adult ADHD, but no studies have clarified whether there are advantages to once versus twice daily dosing.

Methods: This randomized, double-blind, multicenter study compared safety and tolerability of 80 mg atomoxetine QD versus 40 mg atomoxetine BID in 218 adults with ADHD.

Training raters to assess adult ADHD: reliability of ratings.

The standardization of ADHD ratings in adults is important given their differing symptom presentation. The authors investigated the agreement and reliability of rater standardization in a large-scale trial of atomoxetine in adults with ADHD. Training of 91 raters for the investigator-administered ADHD Rating Scale (ADHDRS-IV-Inv) occurred prior to initiation of a large, 31-site atomoxetine trial.

A randomized, placebo-controlled study of once-daily atomoxetine in the school setting in children with ADHD.

Objective: Five studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of atomoxetine compared with placebo in reducing symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) based on parent reports. The primary objective of this clinical trial was to assess the efficacy of once-daily atomoxetine compared with placebo using teacher reports.

Method: One hundred fifty-three patients aged 8-12 years were randomly assigned to receive once-daily atomoxetine or placebo in a 2:1 ratio for 7 weeks.

Improvement in health-related quality of life in children with ADHD: an analysis of placebo controlled studies of atomoxetine.

Despite significant functional impairments associated with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the growing appreciation of the importance of health-related quality of life (HRQL) assessment in children with chronic disorders, relatively few studies have examined the impact of ADHD treatment on HRQL. This investigation examines the effect of atomoxetine, a nonstimulant treatment for ADHD, on HRQL and identifies factors that are predictive of HRQL improvements. The Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ), which is a multidimensional HRQL measure, was collected during three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials.