The future of canine glaucoma therapy.

Canine glaucoma is a group of disorders that are generally associated with increased intraocular pressure (IOP) resulting in a characteristic optic neuropathy. Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in dogs and may be either primary or secondary. Despite the growing spectrum of medical and surgical therapies, there is no cure, and many affected dogs go blind.

APHAKIC PHACOEMULSIFICATION AND AUTOMATED ANTERIOR VITRECTOMY, AND POSTRETURN MONITORING OF A REHABILITATED HARBOR SEAL (PHOCA VITULINA RICHARDSI) PUP.

A female harbor seal pup rescued along the coast of San Diego on 13 June 2012 was diagnosed with bilateral mature cataracts, apparently congenital, in association with vitreal herniation in the anterior chamber of each eye. The cataracts were surgically removed on 1 August 2012 with single-port aphakic phacoemulsification and automated anterior vitrectomy. Postoperative monitoring during the next several weeks indicated that vision had been functionally repaired and that she could visually orient to and capture live fish in three different environments and in the presence of other animals.

Efficacy of prophylactic antiglaucoma and anti-inflammatory medications in canine primary angle-closure glaucoma: a multicenter retrospective study (2004-2012).

Purpose: To evaluate long-term efficacy of antiglaucoma medications with or without combined topical anti-inflammatory treatment in preventing increased intraocular pressure and clinical signs of glaucoma in eyes considered at risk of the development of the disease.

Methods: Retrospective analysis identified 88 canine patients presenting with unilateral acute congestive primary angle-closure glaucoma (IOP > 25 mm Hg) and gonioscopic findings of pectinate ligament dysplasia and/or narrow or closed iridocorneal angle in the contralateral nonglaucomatous eye. Patients with histopathologic confirmation of pectinate ligament dysplasia or angle closure in the initial glaucomatous eye receiving prophylactic medical therapy in the contralateral eye were included.

Evaluation of intraorbital prosthetic pigmentation using 0.3 and 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography.

Purpose: To investigate the magnetic susceptibility artifact associated with pigmented intraorbital prosthetics when performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). Potential artifact reduction techniques were also investigated.

Study Design: Prospective study.

Screening ADAMTS10 in dog populations supports Gly661Arg as the glaucoma-causing variant in beagles.

Purpose: Previously, we mapped the disease locus in the beagle model of autosomal recessive primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) to a 4-Mb interval on chromosome 20, and identified a Gly661Arg variant in ADAMTS10 as the candidate disease-causing variant. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the Gly661Arg variant of ADAMTS10 causes glaucoma by genotyping dogs of various breeds affected and unaffected by primary glaucoma.

Methods: Dogs of various breeds, affected or unaffected with primary glaucoma, were genotyped for the Gly661Arg variant of ADAMTS10, as well as 7 other nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in other genes in the beagle POAG locus that segregate with disease.

Major breed distribution of canine patients enucleated or eviscerated due to glaucoma following routine cataract surgery as well as common histopathologic findings within enucleated globes.

Purpose: To identify the most significantly represented breeds that were enucleated or eviscerated due to intractable glaucoma following elective cataract surgery and to describe the major histopathologic features of enucleated globes.

Methods: A retrospective review of the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin database revealed 153 canine evisceration or enucleation submissions that met inclusion criteria. The most commonly represented breeds were identified, and enucleated globes of these breeds were further evaluated histologically (n = 69).

Postoperative glaucoma in the Labrador Retriever: incidence, risk factors, and visual outcome following routine phacoemulsification.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence and risk factors associated with development of postoperative glaucoma in the Labrador Retriever following routine phacoemulsification.

Methods: Medical records from Labradors and a randomly selected population of non-Labradors were retrospectively evaluated. Signalment, diabetic status, cataract stage, gonioscopic findings, presence of preoperative lens-induced uveitis, development of postoperative hypertension (POH), postoperative glaucoma and postoperative visual status were recorded for each patient.

A review of orbital and intracranial magnetic resonance imaging in 79 canine and 13 feline patients (2004-2010).

Objective: To review the distribution of orbital and intracranial disease in canine and feline patients undergoing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) following referral to a veterinary ophthalmologist and to correlate results of MRI with pathologic conditions including neoplasia, suspected optic neuritis (ON) and orbital cellulitis. Recognized and emerging imaging techniques are reviewed.

Procedure: Medical records of 79 canine and 13 feline patients were reviewed.

The histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of pigmentary and cystic glaucoma in the Golden Retriever.

A clinical syndrome comprising the formation of thin-walled cysts within the posterior chamber, proteinaceous exudation, and pigment dispersion, which typically culminates in glaucoma is recognized in the Golden Retriever breed. Although not uncommon, this syndrome has been relatively infrequently documented in the literature, particularly from a histological standpoint. Fifteen globes from Golden Retrievers presented to Eye Care for Animals between 2003 and 2009 were evaluated by routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) as well as immunohistochemical staining.

Suspected uveal metastasis of a nail bed melanoma in a dog.

A 13-year-old Golden Retriever was referred for evaluation of generalized corneal edema, dyscoria, and suspected glaucoma affecting the right eye. The dog exhibited no signs of systemic illness, but had a history of a melanoma of the nail bed of the first digit of the right hind limb, excised 1 year previously. Ophthalmologic examination revealed diffuse corneal edema, mild anterior uveitis, glaucoma and a mass within the right iris.

Development of a microarray chip for gene expression in rabbit ocular research.

Purpose: To develop a microarray for the rabbit that can be used for ocular gene expression research.

Methods: Messenger RNA was isolated from anterior segment tissues (cornea, conjunctiva, and iris) and posterior segment tissues (lens, retina, and sclera) of rabbit eyes and used to create two independent cDNA libraries through the NEIBank project. Clones from each of these libraries were sequenced from both the 5' and 3' ends.

Surgical management of a malacic corneal ulcer in a greater one-horned Asian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) using a free island tarsoconjunctival graft.

A greater one-horned Asian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) presented for presumed ocular trauma to the left eye, with secondary bacterial infection, resulting in severe and progressive corneal ulceration. Following a poor response to medical therapy, the animal was anesthetized for further examination, and a bulbar conjunctival pedicle graft performed. This graft failed by 48-h postsurgery as a result of self-trauma.

Microarray analysis of the failure of filtering blebs in a rat model of glaucoma filtering surgery.

Purpose: To generate data concerning changes in levels of protein expression associated with wound healing and bleb failure in a rat model of glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS), and to identify factors that may play a role in this process.

Methods: Of 36 Sprague-Dawley rats, GFS was performed on 27 by introducing a silicone cannula through a scleral tunnel under a conjunctival flap, resulting in aqueous-filtering blebs that failed over 8 to 13 days. The additional nine rats were used as the nonsurgical control.

Expression of connective tissue growth factor after glaucoma filtration surgery in a rabbit model.

Purpose: Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) appears to play a significant role in mediating fibrosis in several tissues. To gain further understanding of the role of CTGF in the scar formation that occurs after glaucoma filtering surgery (GFS), experiments were performed in a rabbit model.

Methods: .

A muscleblind knockout model for myotonic dystrophy.

The neuromuscular disease myotonic dystrophy (DM) is caused by microsatellite repeat expansions at two different genomic loci. Mutant DM transcripts are retained in the nucleus together with the muscleblind (Mbnl) proteins, and these abnormal RNAs somehow interfere with pre-mRNA splicing regulation. Here, we show that disruption of the mouse Mbnl1 gene leads to muscle, eye, and RNA splicing abnormalities that are characteristic of DM disease.