HbA1c and FIB-4 as serologic markers for the risk of progression of stage A heart failure.

The use of glycosylated hemoglobin as a diabetic glycemic control and cardiovascular risk marker is well documented. It has also been suggested as a marker for early diastolic hemodynamic changes leading to clinical heart failure, but is less well characterized. This study explored the association between elevated glycosylated hemoglobin and liver Fibrosis-4 values and worsening measures of diastolic cardiac function in order to assess their potential as early serologic markers in cardiovascular disease prevention.

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis manifesting as fever of unknown origin.

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) has a broad differential diagnosis, including infectious, inflammatory and malignant aetiologies. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) can present with non-specific symptoms, including fever, lethargy and flu-like illness. While systemic vasculitis causing FUO has been well-documented, GPA as an underlying cause for FUO poses a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for clinicians.