Chronic epidural hematoma presenting with diplopia.

Background: Epidural hematomas are common intracranial pathologies secondary to traumatic brain injuries and are associated with overlying skull fractures up to 85% of the time. Although many require immediate surgical evacuation, some are observed for stability and followed up conservatively with serial imaging or enlarge slowly overtime, similar to chronic subdural hematomas. Those in the latter category may present with vague symptoms such as diplopia or headache and are often found on routine outpatient evaluation.

Toxins in Brain! Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging of Toxic Leukoencephalopathy - A Pictorial Essay.

Toxic leukoencephalopathy results from damage to the white matter caused by various toxins. It manifests itself as white matter signal abnormalities with or without the presence of restricted diffusion. These changes are often reversible if the insulting agent is removed early, with the exception of posthypoxic leukoencephalopathy that can manifest itself 1-2 weeks after the initial insult.

Cerebral convexity subarachnoid hemorrhage: various causes and role of diagnostic imaging.

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have made it relatively easy to diagnose cortical convexity subarachnoid hemorrhages (cSAH); however, the evaluation of these hemorrhages should not be limited to size and location. It is imperative that possible underlying etiologies be identified so that clinicians may properly treat and prevent this potentially catastrophic event. The goal of this article is to review etiologies of cortical convexity subarachnoid hemorrhages, from common causes such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy to less common causes such as reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and moyamoya.