Incidence Trends in Head and Neck Cancer Subsites: A National Population-Based Study (2001-2020).

Objectives: This descriptive epidemiological study aims to investigate trends in head and neck cancer (HNC) within the anatomical divisions of laryngeal, oropharyngeal, and oral cavity cancers over the past two decades.

Design: Retrospective population-based observational study.

Setting: Scotland, a constituent country of the United Kingdom, with a population of 5.

A Small-Particle Aerosol Model of Ebolavirus Zaire Infection in Ferrets.

The Ebola virus (EBOV) causes severe disease in humans, and animal models are needed to evaluate the efficacy of vaccines and therapeutics. While non-human primate (NHP) and rodent EBOV infection models have been well characterized, there is a growing need for an intermediate model. Here, we provide the first report of a small-particle aerosol (AE) EBOV ferret model and disease progression compared with the intramuscular (IM) EBOV ferret model.

Laryngeal Cancer in the West of Scotland 2014-2020: Trends and Survival in a Cohort of 867 Patients.

Background: Laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC) accounts for around one-third of head and neck cancers, with smoking and alcohol as major risk factors. Despite advances in organ preservation, survival rates have stagnated globally over recent decades. The impact of socioeconomic deprivation on LSCC outcomes in the West of Scotland remains underexplored.

Advancing digital sensing in mental health research.

Digital sensing tools, like smartphones and wearables, offer transformative potential for mental health research by enabling scalable, longitudinal data collection. Realizing this promise requires overcoming significant challenges including limited data standards, underpowered studies, and a disconnect between research aims and community needs. This report, based on the 2023 Workshop on Advancing Digital Sensing Tools for Mental Health, articulates strategies to address these challenges to ensure rigorous, equitable, and impactful research.

Protein kinases MpkA and SepH transduce crosstalk between CWI and SIN pathways to activate protective hyphal septation under echinocandin cell wall stress.

Unlabelled: This study investigates a previously unreported stress signal transduced as crosstalk between the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway and the septation initiation network (SIN). Echinocandins, which target cell wall synthesis, are widely used to treat mycoses. Their efficacy, however, is species specific.

Frailty and the Survival Outcomes of Patients With Laryngeal Squamous Cell Cancer.

Background: Frailty increases the risk of mortality in the head and neck cancer population. This study examines the association between frailty and survival outcomes in patients with laryngeal squamous cell cancer (LSCC).

Method: Retrospective data collection from patients in the West of Scotland diagnosed with LSCC between 2014 and 2020.

Negative Body Image and Limited Nutrition Knowledge among Collegiate Dancers Signals Need for Screening and Support.

The collegiate environment may exacerbate body image issues and eating disorders (EDs) among dancers. This study seeks to evaluate the complex relationships between body image perceptions, risk of EDs, and nutrition knowledge among collegiate dancers. A convenience sample of collegiate dancers was recruited via announcements, flyers, and email to complete the Body Image Assessment Scale-Body Dimensions (BIAS-BD), anthropometrics, and an electronic survey evaluating ED risk (Eating Attitudes Test; EAT-26), nutrition knowledge, and dietary habits.

Targeted Bmal1 restoration in muscle prolongs lifespan with systemic health effects in aging model.

Disruption of the circadian clock in skeletal muscle worsens local and systemic health, leading to decreased muscle strength, metabolic dysfunction, and aging-like phenotypes. Whole-body knockout mice that lack Bmal1, a key component of the molecular clock, display premature aging. Here, by using adeno-associated viruses, we rescued Bmal1 expression specifically in the skeletal muscle fibers of Bmal1-KO mice and found that this engaged the circadian clock and clock output gene expression, contributing to extended lifespan.

The management of idiopathic toe walking.

Aims: The aim of this study was to gain a consensus for best practice of the assessment and management of children with idiopathic toe walking (ITW) in order to provide a benchmark for practitioners and guide the best consistent care.

Methods: An established Delphi approach with predetermined steps and degree of agreement based on a standardized protocol was used to determine consensus. The steering group members and Delphi survey participants included members from the British Society of Children's Orthopaedic Surgery (BSCOS) and the Association of Paediatric Chartered Physiotherapists (APCP).

Virulence of Burkholderia pseudomallei ATS2021 Unintentionally Imported to United States in Aromatherapy Spray.

In the United States in 2021, an outbreak of 4 cases of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the etiologic agent of melioidosis and a Tier One Select Agent (potential for deliberate misuse and subsequent harm), resulted in 2 deaths. The causative strain, B. pseudomallei ATS2021, was unintentionally imported into the United States in an aromatherapy spray manufactured in India.

Head and neck cancer incidence is rising but the sociodemographic profile is unchanging: a population epidemiological study (2001-2020).

Background: Increasing incidence of head and neck cancers (HNCs), driven by rising rates of oropharynx cancer (OPC), has been recorded around the world. This study examined trends in HNC and subsites (oral cavity, oropharynx, and larynx cancers) in Scotland focusing on assessing whether the sociodemographic profile has changed over the past 20 years.

Methods: Scottish Cancer Registry data (2001-2020) including European Age Standardised Rates of HNC and subsites were analysed in multivariate Poisson regression by age, sex, area-based socioeconomic status, and year of diagnosis (with interaction tests).

Alterations of the skeletal muscle nuclear proteome after acute exercise reveals a post-transcriptional influence.

Unlabelled: Exercise is firmly established as a key contributor to overall well-being and is frequently employed as a therapeutic approach to mitigate various health conditions. One pivotal aspect of the impact of exercise lies in the systemic transcriptional response, which underpins its beneficial adaptations. While extensive research has been devoted to understanding the transcriptional response to exercise, our knowledge of the protein constituents of nuclear processes that accompany gene expression in skeletal muscle remains largely elusive.

Buprenorphine Prescribing Characteristics Following Relaxation of X-Waiver Training Requirements.

Importance: Local-level data are needed to understand whether the relaxation of X-waiver training requirements for prescribing buprenorphine in April 2021 translated to increased buprenorphine treatment.

Objective: To assess whether relaxation of X-waiver training requirements was associated with changes in the number of clinicians waivered to and who prescribe buprenorphine for opioid use disorder and the number of patients receiving treatment.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This serial cross-sectional study uses an interrupted time series analysis of 2020-2022 data from the HEALing Communities Study (HCS), a cluster-randomized, wait-list-controlled trial.

Hydrogel-chitosan and polylactic acid-polycaprolactone bioengineered scaffolds for reconstruction of mandibular defects: a preclinical study with assessment of translationally relevant aspects.

Reconstruction of mandibular bone defects is a surgical challenge, and microvascular reconstruction is the current gold standard. The field of tissue bioengineering has been providing an increasing number of alternative strategies for bone reconstruction. In this preclinical study, the performance of two bioengineered scaffolds, a hydrogel made of polyethylene glycol-chitosan (HyCh) and a hybrid core-shell combination of poly (L-lactic acid)/poly ( -caprolactone) and HyCh (PLA-PCL-HyCh), seeded with different concentrations of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs), has been explored in non-critical size mandibular defects in a rabbit model.

Mock Board Exam Writing Groups in Physician Assistant Education: A Method to Enhance Curriculum and Mentor Junior Faculty.

Ensuring students are prepared for the Physician Assistant National Certification Exam (PANCE) is an institutional priority for all physician assistant programs. While many factors predicting PANCE performance have been investigated, exploration and discussions of interventions to improve PANCE performance are limited. Repeated exposure to board-style questions has been shown to improve board scores in similar populations.

Analyzing pain patterns in the emergency department: Leveraging clinical text deep learning models for real-world insights.

Objective: To determine the incidence of patients presenting in pain to a large Australian inner-city emergency department (ED) using a clinical text deep learning algorithm.

Materials And Methods: A fine-tuned, domain-specific, transformer-based clinical text deep learning model was used to interpret free-text nursing assessments in the electronic medical records of 235,789 adult presentations to the ED over a three-year period. The model classified presentations according to whether the patient had pain on arrival at the ED.

Killer Phonon Caught: Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy Identifies Phonon-Induced Control of Photophysics in Rubrene Derivatives.

Molecular reaction coordinates are defined by the interplay of a number of orthogonal nuclear coordinates and are inherently multidimensional for large molecules. Identifying how specific nuclear motions along these reaction coordinates can be used to drive and control chemical processes is a promising approach for the optimization of chemical outcomes and targeted synthetic design. Here, we used femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) to quantify the effects of individual phonon nuclear motions on singlet fission in rubrene derivatives.

Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in ticks collected from animals and the environment in Uganda.

Aims: Coxiella burnetii is a highly infectious organism that is easily spread through aerosols causing Q fever in humans. Ticks can harbour and transmit C. burnetii to animals, contributing to disease maintenance.

A facilitator's reflection on the democratizing potential of emancipatory practice development.

Emancipatory practice development (ePD) is a practitioner-led research methodology which enables workplace transformation. Underpinned by the critical paradigm, ePD works through facilitation and workplace learning, with people in their local context on practice issues that are significant to them. Its purpose is to embed safe, person-centred learning cultures which transform individuals and workplaces.

Total Synthesis of (+)-Eburnamonine Using Asymmetric Alkene Cyanoamidation through C-CN Bond Activation.

We report the total synthesis of (+)-eburnamonine using enantioselective alkene cyanoamidation to form the all-carbon quaternary stereocenter. Palladium, phosphoramidite ligand, and a Lewis acid combine to form a co-catalyst that promotes C-CN activation of a cyanoformamide, followed by intramolecular alkene cyanoamidation. Overall, the synthesis of (+)-eburnamonine is accomplished in 8 steps from 4-methylene hexanoic acid and tryptamine, providing an example of asymmetric aliphatic-tethered alkene cyanoamidation and its use in total synthesis.

Application of a Machine Learning-Based Classification Approach for Developing Host Protein Diagnostic Models for Infectious Disease.

In recent years, infectious disease diagnosis has increasingly turned to host-centered approaches as a complement to pathogen-directed ones. The former, however, typically requires the interpretation of complex multiple biomarker datasets to arrive at an informative diagnostic outcome. This report describes a machine learning (ML)-based classification workflow that is intended as a template for researchers seeking to apply ML approaches for developing host-based infectious disease biomarker classifiers.