Photonic platform coupled with machine learning algorithms to detect pyrolysis products of crack cocaine in saliva: A proof-of-concept animal study.

The non-invasive detection of crack/cocaine and other bioactive compounds from its pyrolysis in saliva can provide an alternative for drug analysis in forensic toxicology. Therefore, a highly sensitive, fast, reagent-free, and sustainable approach with a non-invasive specimen is relevant in public health. In this animal model study, we evaluated the effects of exposure to smoke crack cocaine on salivary flow, salivary gland weight, and salivary composition using Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy.

Salivary detection of Chikungunya virus infection using a portable and sustainable biophotonic platform coupled with artificial intelligence algorithms.

The current detection method for Chikungunya Virus (CHIKV) involves an invasive and costly molecular biology procedure as the gold standard diagnostic method. Consequently, the search for a non-invasive, more cost-effective, reagent-free, and sustainable method for the detection of CHIKV infection is imperative for public health. The portable Fourier-transform infrared coupled with Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR-FTIR) platform was applied to discriminate systemic diseases using saliva, however, the salivary diagnostic application in viral diseases is less explored.

Salivary spectral signature using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in different exercise protocols.

The Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) has been applied to determine salivary biomarkers with high sensitivity and cost-effectiveness. Our study aimed to test the hypothesis that the spectral profile of saliva demonstrates distinct vibrational modes corresponding to different exercise protocols, thereby facilitating exercise monitoring. Saliva samples were collected from trained male subjects at three intervals: pre-exercise, post-exercise, and 3 h post-exercise.

Chapare virus infection and current perspectives on dentistry.

Objectives: This narrative review addresses relevant points about Chapare virus (CHAV) entry in oral cells, CHAV transmission, and preventive strategies in dental clinical settings. It is critical in dentistry due to the frequent presence of gingival hemorrhage occurred in CHAV-infected patients.

Materials And Methods: Studies related to CHAV were searched in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web-of-Science databases without language restriction or year of publication.

Effects of an L-Leucine-Rich Diet on Liver and Kidneys in a Doxorubicin Toxicity Model.

Supplements and diets containing L-leucine, a branched-chain amino acid, have been considered beneficial for controlling oxidative stress and maintaining cardiac tissue in toxicity models using doxorubicin, a drug widely used in cancer treatment. However, there is a lack of studies in the literature that assess the effects of this diet on other organs and tissues, such as the liver and kidneys. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of a leucine-rich diet on the liver and kidneys of healthy rats submitted to the doxorubicin toxicity model by analyzing biomarkers of oxidative stress and histological parameters.

N-Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine Plays a Neuroprotective and Anticonvulsant Role in Status Epilepticus Model.

Status epilepticus (SE) is described as continuous and self-sustaining seizures, which triggers hippocampal neurodegeneration, inflammation, and gliosis. N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) has been associated with inflammatory process. N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) peptide plays an anti-inflammatory role, mediated by the activation of G-protein-coupled FPR.

Salivary SARS-CoV-2 RNA for diagnosis of COVID-19 patients: a systematic revisew and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy.

Accurate, self-collected, and non-invasive diagnostics are critical to perform mass-screening diagnostic tests for COVID-19. This systematic review with meta-analysis evaluated the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of salivary diagnostics for COVID-19 based on SARS-CoV-2 RNA compared with the current reference tests using a nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) and/or oropharyngeal swab (OPS). An electronic search was performed in seven databases to find COVID-19 diagnostic studies simultaneously using saliva and NPS/OPS tests to detect SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR.

Mart. Fruit Peel Polyphenols Preserve Cardiac Antioxidant Defense and Reduce Oxidative Damage in Hyperlipidemic Mice.

Dyslipidemia and oxidative stress are directly related to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Mart. (ACM) has been traditionally used in folk medicine to alleviate inflammation and pain.

Diagnostic and monitoring applications using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in cancer and other diseases.

Early cancer diagnosis plays a critical role in improving treatment outcomes and increasing survival rates for certain cancers. NIR spectroscopy offers a rapid and cost-effective approach to evaluate the optical properties of tissues at the microvessel level and provides valuable molecular insights. The integration of NIR spectroscopy with advanced data-driven algorithms in portable instruments has made it a cutting-edge technology for medical applications.

Salivary Detection of Zika Virus Infection Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Machine Learning Algorithms and Univariate Analysis: A Proof-of-Concept Animal Study.

Zika virus (ZIKV) diagnosis is currently performed through an invasive, painful, and costly procedure using molecular biology. Consequently, the search for a non-invasive, more cost-effective, reagent-free, and sustainable method for ZIKV diagnosis is of great relevance. It is critical to prepare a global strategy for the next ZIKV outbreak given its devastating consequences, particularly in pregnant women.

Salivary ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy Coupled with Support Vector Machine Classification for Screening of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

The blood diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (DM) is highly accurate; however, it is an invasive, high-cost, and painful procedure. In this context, the combination of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and machine learning techniques in other biological samples has been used as an alternative tool to develop a non-invasive, fast, inexpensive, and label-free diagnostic or screening platform for several diseases, including DM. In this study, we used the ATR-FTIR tool associated with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and a support vector machine (SVM) classifier in order to identify changes in salivary components to be used as alternative biomarkers for the diagnosis of type 2 DM.

Monitoring glucose levels in urine using FTIR spectroscopy combined with univariate and multivariate statistical methods.

The development of novel platforms for non-invasive continuous glucose monitoring applied in the screening and monitoring of diabetes is crucial to improve diabetes surveillance systems. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy of urine can be an alternative as a sustainable, label-free, fast, non-invasive, and highly sensitive analysis to detect changes in urine promoted by diabetes and insulin treatment. In this study, we used ATR-FTIR to evaluate the urinary components of non-diabetic (ND), diabetic (D), and diabetic insulin-treated (D + I) rats.

Association of salivary alpha-2-macroglobulin with glycemia and glycated hemoglobin in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis study.

Background: Chronically elevated alpha-2-macroglobulin (A2MG) in the blood has been correlated with diabetes and the HbA1c profile; however, no systematic review has been conducted to evaluate the association of A2MG salivary levels and glycemia or HbA1c levels in diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) patients.

Objective: To evaluate whether A2MG salivary levels are related to the glycemia or HbA1c levels in DM2 patients.

Design And Setting: Systematic review developed at Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Brazil.

Redox Status of Postmenopausal Women with Single or Multiple Cardiometabolic Diseases Has a Similar Response to Mat Pilates Training.

Postmenopausal women have a high prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases and that may associate with higher oxidative stress. Exercise can contribute to the treatment of such diseases, but some modalities, such as Mat Pilates, need to be further studied in terms of their physiological responses. Our aim was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of Mat Pilates on redox status in postmenopausal women with one or multiple comorbidities of cardiometabolic diseases.

Fructose and methylglyoxal-induced glycation alters structural and functional properties of salivary proteins, albumin and lysozyme.

Glycation process refers to reactions between reduction sugars and amino acids that can lead to formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are related to changes in chemical and functional properties of biological structures that accumulate during aging and diseases. The aim of this study was to perform and analyze in vitro glycation by fructose and methylglyoxal (MGO) using salivary fluid, albumin, lysozyme, and salivary α-amylase (sAA). Glycation effect was analyzed by biochemical and spectroscopic methods.

Increased selenium concentration in the synthesis of CdSe magic-sized quantum dots affects how the brain responds to oxidative stress.

CdSe magic-sized quantum dots (MSQDs) have been widely used as fluorescent probes in biological systems due to their excellent optical properties with a broader fluorescence spectrum and stable luminescence in biological media. However, they can be cytotoxic and alter the redox balance depending on the amounts of Cd adsorbed on their surface. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate whether increases in selenium concentration in the synthesis of CdSe-MSQDs decrease the oxidative stress caused by Cd -based quantum dots.

One-Year Update on Salivary Diagnostic of COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global health problem, which is challenging healthcare worldwide. In this critical review, we discussed the advantages and limitations in the implementation of salivary diagnostic platforms of COVID-19. The diagnostic test of COVID-19 by invasive nasopharyngeal collection is uncomfortable for patients and requires specialized training of healthcare professionals in order to obtain an appropriate collection of samples.

Monitoring of Peripheral Blood Leukocytes and Plasma Samples: A Pilot Study to Examine Treatment Response to Leflunomide in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a painful inflammatory disease of the joints which affects a considerable proportion of the world population, mostly women. If not adequately treated, RA patients can become permanently disabled. Importantly, not all the patients respond to the available anti-rheumatic therapies, which also present diverse side effects.

Overweight Women with Breast Cancer on Chemotherapy Have More Unfavorable Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Profiles.

Chronic inflammation and redox imbalance are strongly influenced by diet and nutritional status, and both are risk factors for tumor development. This prospective study aimed to explore the associations between inflammatory and antioxidant markers and nutritional status in women with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. The women were evaluated at three times: T0, after the infusion of the first cycle; T1, after infusion of the intermediate cycle; and T2, after the infusion of the last chemotherapy cycle.

Salivary molecular spectroscopy: A sustainable, rapid and non-invasive monitoring tool for diabetes mellitus during insulin treatment.

Monitoring of blood glucose is an invasive, painful and costly practice in diabetes. Consequently, the search for a more cost-effective (reagent-free), non-invasive and specific diabetes monitoring method is of great interest. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy has been used in diagnosis of several diseases, however, applications in the monitoring of diabetic treatment are just beginning to emerge.

The effects of isoflavone supplementation plus combined exercise on salivary markers of oxidative stress in postmenopausal women.

This study tested the effect of isoflavone supplementation in addition to combined exercise training in salivary oxidative stress markers in non-obese postmenopausal women. Thirty-two postmenopausal women without hormone therapy were randomly assigned to exercise + placebo ( = 15) or exercise + isoflavone supplementation ( = 17) groups. They performed 30 sessions of combined exercises (aerobic plus resistance) over ten weeks and consumed 100 mg of isoflavone supplementation or placebo.

Salivary and Plasmatic Antioxidant Profile following Continuous, Resistance, and High-Intensity Interval Exercise: Preliminary Study.

The increase in antioxidant responses promoted by regular physical activity is strongly associated with the attenuation of chronic oxidative stress and physiological mechanisms related to exercise adaptation. The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare how different exercise protocols (HIIE: high-intensity interval exercise, CE: continuous exercise, and RE: resistance exercise) may alter salivary and plasmatic antioxidants and salivary markers of exercise intensity and nitric oxide. Thirteen healthy, trained male subjects were submitted to the three exercise protocols.

Differential Molecular Signature of Human Saliva Using ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy for Chronic Kidney Disease Diagnosis.

The symptoms of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are often not specific or absent in the early stages of this illness. Therefore, there is a demand for developing low cost, non-invasive and highly accurate platforms for CKD diagnostics. We hypothesized that the level of specifics salivary components changes when CKD is emplace, which could be clinically used to discriminate CKD patients from healthy subjects.

Effects of salbutamol and phlorizin on acute pulmonary inflammation and disease severity in experimental sepsis.

Respiratory infection can be exacerbated by the high glucose concentration in the airway surface liquid (ASL). We investigated the effects of salbutamol and phlorizin on the pulmonary function, oxidative stress levels and SGLT1 activity in lung, pulmonary histopathological damages and survival rates of rats with sepsis. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture surgery (CLP).

A Single Dose of Beetroot Juice Does Not Change Blood Pressure Response Mediated by Acute Aerobic Exercise in Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women.

Objective: To verify if acute intake of beetroot juice potentiates post-exercise hypotension (PEH) in hypertensive postmenopausal women.

Methods: Thirteen hypertensive postmenopausal women (58.1 ± 4.