Cleaning and Disinfectant Chemical Exposures and Temporal Associations with COVID-19 - National Poison Data System, United States, January 1, 2020-March 31, 2020.

On January 19, 2020, the state of Washington reported the first U.S. laboratory-confirmed case of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by infection with SARS-CoV-2 (1).

Lacosamide: a Study of Exposures Reported to US Poison Centers over a 9-Year Period.

Background: Lacosamide (Vimpat®) is an anticonvulsant used to treat partial-onset seizures. Little is known about the characteristics and outcomes of patients exposed to lacosamide.

Objective: To characterize lacosamide exposures reported to US poison centers with regard to patient demographics, clinical effects, and outcomes.

Medical outcomes of bromethalin rodenticide exposures reported to US poison centers after federal restriction of anticoagulants.

Exposures to bromethalin rodenticides have increased since restrictions were placed on long acting anticoagulant rodenticide (LAAR) registrations in 2008. Bromethalin works, in part, by uncoupling mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Toxicity in humans is not well characterized and no antidote is available.

Using Pill Identification Calls to Poison Centers as a Marker of Drug Abuse at Three Texas Military Bases.

Objectives: Opioid abuse is a growing problem in civilian communities, and it has developed in the military as well. Telephone calls to poison centers requesting pill identification (ID) is a marker of drug abuse. This study identifies the number of pill ID calls made to the poison centers from areas containing and surrounding three Texas military bases during an 8-year period.

A Large Case Series of Acute Pediatric Methotrexate Ingestions: Significant Clinical Effects Are Rare.

Objective: Significant adverse effects after acute pediatric methotrexate (MTX) exposures have been limited to parenteral exposures. Treatment recommendations for pediatric MTX exposures do not differentiate between routes of exposure. We report the incidence of significant clinical effects and drug-specific treatments reported in a large series of acute, pediatric MTX ingestions.

Tapentadol toxicity in children.

Background: Tapentadol (Nucynta) is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe pain in adults. Tapentadol's mechanism of action consists of acting as an agonist on the μ-opioid receptor and by inhibiting the reuptake of norepinephrine. There are no published reports on the toxicity of tapentadol in pediatric patients.

Acute methotrexate ingestions in adults: a report of serious clinical effects and treatments.

Objective. Limited reported data have reports effects after acute ingestion of methotrexate. Treatment recommendations do not differentiate between exposure routes.

A descriptive study of adverse events from clenbuterol misuse and abuse for weight loss and bodybuilding.

Background: Clenbuterol is a β2-agonist approved in the United States for veterinary use in nonfood animals. Clenbuterol use is emerging among bodybuilders and fitness enthusiasts attracted to the hypertrophic and lipolytic effects.

Cases: This was a retrospective chart review of clenbuterol exposures reported to 2 poison control centers.

Evaluation of changes in poisoning in young children: 2000 to 2010.

Objective: The nature of pediatric poisonings is dynamic, with changes occurring over time. We evaluated poisoning in children younger than 6 years for trends during an 11-year period regarding the substances involved in the poisoning, medical outcomes, and health care use.

Methods: This was retrospective study of poisoning in children younger than 6 years reported to 12 poison centers in 5 U.

Unintentional therapeutic errors involving insulin in the ambulatory setting reported to poison centers.

Background: Adverse drug events in the ambulatory care setting are not uncommon and can cause significant morbidity. Little research has been published on the management of adverse drug events involving insulin in the outpatient setting.

Objective: To analyze data on patients with unintentional therapeutic errors involving insulin managed by 9 regional poison control centers.

Diphenhydramine dose-response: a novel approach to determine triage thresholds.

Context: It is unclear how much diphenhydramine (DPH) is toxic in humans. Previous dose-response studies have had conflicting results. Objective.

Emergency medical services' use of poison control centers for unintentional drug ingestions.

Introduction: Every year, emergency medical services (EMS) providers respond to thousands of calls for toxic ingestions. Many systems have begun using poison control centers (PCCs) when unsure of disposition. We sought to determine the type of exposures EMS personnel were using the PCCs for and treatments suggested.

Incidence of tricyclic antidepressant-like complications after cyclobenzaprine overdose.

Background: The cyclobenzaprine structure is similar to amitriptyline; however, tricyclic antidepressant (TCA)-like wide complex dysrhythmia has not been reported. Our objective was to determine the incidence of TCA-like effects in cyclobenzaprine overdoses as reported to 6 poison centers for 2 years. We compared the incidence of these effects to amitriptyline overdoses collected during the same period.

Validation of the American Association of Poison Control Centers out of hospital guideline for pediatric diphenhydramine ingestions.

Context: In 2006, the American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) published an out of hospital guideline for diphenhydramine overdoses in children. This guideline has not been validated.

Objective: Our objective was to determine the incidence of serious clinical effects or use of medical treatments after unintentional diphenhydramine ingestions in children.

Analysis of mushroom exposures in Texas requiring hospitalization, 2005-2006.

Introduction: Texas has approximately 200 species of wild mushrooms, including toxic and hallucinogenic varieties. Mushroom ingestions in Texas were studied for 2005-2006.

Methods: Data was obtained via Texas Poison Control Centers and retrospectively reviewed.

Toxicity from modafinil ingestion.

Introduction: Modafanil, a non-amphetamine stimulant, is used for narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and shift work sleep disorder. There is little available information on the toxicity of modafinil overdose.

Method: We performed a retrospective multi-poison center chart review of patients from 11 states who had a single substance ingestion of modafanil with follow up to a known outcome for the years 2000-2007.

Texas coral snake (Micrurus tener) bites.

Background: The clinical features of bites from Texas coral snakes (Micrurus tener) have not been well studied. Our goal was to review the largest number of victims of Texas coral snakebites to determine their characteristics, effects, treatment, and outcome.

Methods: Retrospective case series of Micrurus tener exposures reported to the Texas Poison Center Network from 2000 to 2004.

A possible trend suggesting increased abuse from Coricidin exposures reported to the Texas Poison Network: comparing 1998 to 1999.

Coricidin products seemed to be one of the over-the-counter medications being reportedly abused by adolescents, as observed from the Texas Poison Center Network data. This retrospective chart review investigated the occurrence of abuse, developed a patient profile, and defined the clinical effects resulting from the abuse of Coricidin products. Data collected from the Texas Poison Center Network Toxic Exposure Surveillance System database included human exposures between 1998 and 1999, patients > or = 10y old, intentional use or abuse, and single substance ingestion of I of the tablet formulations of Coricidin.