Benchmarking food environment policies for the prevention of diet-related non-communicable diseases in Kenya: National expert panel's assessment and priority recommendations.

Introduction: Unhealthy food environments drive the increase of diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Objective: We aimed to examine healthy food environment policies in Kenya and identify priorities for future action.

Methods: Using the Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) we collected evidence on the extent of government action to create healthy food environments across 13 policy and infrastructure support domains and 43 related good practice indicators between 2017 and 2018.

Department of Health and Human Services releases new immersive simulation experience to improve infection control knowledge and practices among health care workers and students.

In this article, we review a newly developed evidence-based immersive simulation experience for use with health care personnel and students. The article provides information necessary for infection control professionals to understand the development process of the training. Evidence supporting the use of such training is provided, and opportunities to integrate this training into the health care setting and classroom are discussed.

Use of cobalt blue light in grading cataract and estimating vision loss.

Purpose: To test an anecdotally reported cataract grading system predictive of a 20/50 visual threshold in cataract-induced vision loss using cobalt blue light.

Setting: Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis, Minneapolis VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, and Regions Hospital, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.

Erythropsia revisited.

We report a case of unilateral erythropsia lasting 1 week that occurred 18 years after cataract extraction and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. The unaffected eye was pseudophakic and had an IOL with ultraviolet (UV) light protection; the affected eye had an IOL without UV light protection.

Is corneal refractive therapy a new modality whose time has come or repackaged orthokeratology whose time has passed?: a view from an experienced corneal clinician.

I was asked to evaluate corneal refractive therapy (CRT) as an experienced ophthalmologist, who is a corneal specialist. I reviewed the literature and listened to and talked with ophthalmologists, optometrists, and researchers using and studying CRT. I feel that CRT is safe and effective.

Hospital preparedness and the terrorism alert system.

In an attempt to encourage some uniformity of preparation and response, the Department of Home Security issued its Terrorist Advisory Alert color codes. The authors have taken the Department's check-off form and amplified what can be done by healthcare facilities at each alert stage.

Loss of vision after laser in situ keratomileusis.

Purpose: To research the incidence of visual loss after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

Methods: We reviewed an extensive review of the literature published by The Ophthalmic Technology Assessment Committee of the American Academy of Ophthalmology regarding the safety and efficacy of LASIK. We also reviewed other recent literature.

Erosive conjunctivitis and punctal stenosis secondary to docetaxel (taxotere).

Purpose: To report a case of erosive conjunctivitis and punctal stenosis occurring secondarily in a patient who underwent administration of docetaxel.

Methods: Observational case report: a 58-year-old female with metastatic breast cancer developed erosive conjunctivitis and punctal stenosis after undergoing administration of systemic docetaxel.

Results: Resolution of the erosive conjunctivitis occurred after discontinuation of docetaxel.

Mycobacterium chelonae keratitis associated with soft contact lens wear.

Purpose: To report a case of Mycobacterium chelonae keratitis associated with soft contact lens wear.

Methods: A 17-year-old boy who wore frequent replacement soft contact lenses developed keratitis in the right eye. There was no history of trauma to the right eye.

Evaluation and transplantation of corneas from pseudophakic donor eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate the quality of corneal donor tissue from pseudophakic eyes for transplantation.

Methods: Only capsular-supported posterior chamber pseudophakia was studied. Forty-five pairs of donor eyes were assessed and evaluated by standard Minnesota Lions Eye Bank (MLEB) protocol.

A new, simple, nonradioactive, nontoxic in vitro assay to monitor corneal endothelial cell viability.

Purpose: This study was designed to determine whether Alamar blue could be used to evaluate corneal endothelial cell viability in vitro.

Methods: Alamar blue incorporates a proprietary redox indicator that changes color in response to metabolic activity. Primary rabbit endothelial cells were subcultured on 96-well plates at densities ranging from 1,250 to 40,000 cells per well.

Comparison between the refractive results of combined penetrating keratoplasty/transsclerally sutured posterior chamber lens implantation and the triple procedure.

Purpose: We determined how accurately we could predict the intraocular lens (IOL) power for a combined penetrating keratoplasty and transsclerally sutured posterior chamber lens implantation procedure (PK/TS-SPCL) compared with the Triple procedure (penetrating keratoplasty, extra-capsular cataract extraction, and IOL insertion).

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the postoperative refractive results of 27 patients who had undergone PK/TS-SPCL and compared them with those of 46 patients who had undergone a Triple procedure. All patients with a final visual acuity > 20/50 who had surgery at the University of Minnesota between January 1988 and December 1993 were included in this study.

Povidone-iodine (betadine) in the treatment of experimental Pseudomonas aeruginosa keratitis.

Topical 5% povidone-iodine for the treatment of corneal ulcers was observed in Sierra Leone, West Africa by one of us (D.J.D.

Tissue utilization at the Minnesota Lions' Eye Bank.

The purpose of this study was to examine the utilization of corneas procured by the Minnesota Lions' Eye Bank to determine why corneas were excluded from transplantation and to identify methods to safely increase the number of tissues made available for transplantation. We performed a retrospective review of the eye bank charts of 2,382 corneas evaluated by the Minnesota Lions' Eye Bank between December 1, 1992 and November 30, 1993. During that time 748 corneas (31%) were made available for transplantation; 1,597 (67%) were directed toward research or training.

Mottled cyan opacification of the posterior cornea in contact lens wearers.

Purpose: We studied patients who had mottled cyan-colored opacities of the cornea to better understand the cause and prognosis of this entity.

Methods: We reviewed examinations of patients who had a mottled cyan opacification of the cornea. Risk factors, including contact lens wear and exposure to heavy metals, were analyzed.

Results one year after using the 193-nm excimer laser for photorefractive keratectomy in mild to moderate myopia.

As part of a clinical trial, photorefractive keratectomy using the VISX 2015 193-nm excimer laser was performed on 91 healthy eyes of 91 patients. Preoperative refractive errors (spherical equivalent) ranged from -1.00 to -7.

193-nm excimer photorefractive keratectomy in high myopia.

Purpose: To evaluate the refractive results of 193-nm excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) performed on 48 highly myopic eyes in a multicenter study.

Methods: A Visx 2015 or 2000 argon-fluoride excimer laser and a single-zone ablation technique were used. Postoperatively, eyes were treated with topical fluoromethalone for up to 5 months.

Whole globe enucleation versus in situ corneal excision: a study of tissue trauma and contamination.

Twenty-four pair of eyes donated to the Minnesota Lions Eye Bank were studied to determine the effect of corneal procurement methods on tissue quality. Eyes studied were ineligible for transplantation because of a preexisting medical condition other than sepsis or age of > 75 years. The procurement technique was randomized for each donor.

Use of the 193 nm excimer laser for photorefractive keratectomy in low to moderate myopia.

As part of a Phase III clinical trial, photorefractive keratectomy using the VISX 2015 193 nm excimer laser was performed on 91 sighted eyes of 91 patients. Preoperative refractive errors (spherical equivalent) ranged from -1.00 diopters (D) to -7.

Topical diclofenac in the treatment of ocular pain after excimer photorefractive keratectomy.

Background: Following excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy, patients experience significant ocular pain until corneal reepithelialization. Despite the use of cold compresses, bandage soft contact lenses, cycloplegics, narcotics, and topical corticosteroids, the pain has not been adequately controlled in many patients.

Methods: A randomized, double-masked, parallel-group study of diclofenac sodium 0.

Betadine decontamination of donor globes.

Between May 1983 and December 1989, 2,921 donor eyes received by the Minnesota Lions Eye Bank underwent a decontamination protocol using 10% Betadine (1% povidone-iodine) solution. Positive pretreatment limbal cultures were obtained on 52.1% of donor eyes.

Clinical and anatomical study of the effect of transscleral fixation of posterior chamber lenses on early postkeratoplasty astigmatism.

We reviewed the pattern of astigmatism after penetrating keratoplasty and transsclerally sutured posterior chamber lens (TSPCL) placement in 73 patients. Thirty-five patients (48%) had an axis of astigmatism oriented perpendicularly to the haptics of the TSPCL. Twenty-seven patients (37%) had an orientation of astigmatism that was in the same meridian of the haptics of the TSPCL.

Clinical findings in Brown-McLean syndrome.

The Brown-McLean syndrome is a clinical condition with corneal edema involving the peripheral 2 to 3 mm of the cornea. The edema typically starts inferiorly and progresses circumferentially, but spares the central portion of the cornea. Additionally, the edema is associated with a punctate orange-brown pigmentation on the endothelium underlying the edematous areas.

Stability of refraction and visual acuity during 5 years in eyes with simple myopia. The PERK Study Group.

Background: Normal ranges of variability of refraction and visual acuity in adult myopic eyes are needed as a reference standard for assessing the stability of refractive corneal surgery.

Methods: We measured the changes in spectacle-corrected visual acuity and cycloplegic refraction during 5 years for the unoperated eye of 82 patients aged 21 to 57 years in the Prospective Evaluation of Radial Keratotomy Study. The changes were compared for contact lens and non-contact lens wearers.