J Cataract Refract Surg
October 2009
Purpose: To compare functional reading acuity and speed with 2 models of accommodating intraocular lenses (IOLs).
Setting: Four of 12 investigative sites in a U.S.
Objective: To develop the techniques needed for the specific gene/protein targeting transfection experiments in isolated lymphatic vessels, we completed two major tasks: 1) optimize the experimental conditions to maintain the viability of isolated rat lymphatic vessels in culture for sufficiently long periods of time to permit knockdown or overexpression of selected proteins/genes and 2) develop effective transfection protocols for lymphatic muscle and endothelial cells in intact lymphatic vessels without nonspecific impairment of lymphatic contractile function due to the transfection protocol itself.
Methods: Experimental protocols were developed for the maintenance of isolated lymphatic vessels under nonpressurized and pressurized conditions for 3-12 days in culture and for adenoviral gene transfection of the lymphatic muscle and endothelial cells.
Results: The data demonstrate the effectiveness of the newly developed experimental protocols for the maintenance of isolated rat mesenteric lymphatic vessels and thoracic duct in culture up to 3-12 days without significant impairment of the parameters of their pumping and effective adenoviral/GFP transfection of lymphatic endothelial and muscle cells in isolated rat mesenteric lymphatic vessels.
Background: Removing and sequestering synaptically released glutamate from the extracellular space is carried out by specific plasma membrane transporters that are primarily located in astrocytes. Glial glutamate transporter function can be monitored by recording the currents that are produced by co-transportation of Na+ ions with the uptake of glutamate. The goal of this study was to characterize glutamate transporter function in astrocytes of the spinal cord dorsal horn in real time by recording synaptically evoked glutamate transporter currents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The advent of the full metal jacketed bullet in the late nineteenth century was thought to cause less severe battlefield wounds. This study compares the wounding characteristics of a reproduction rifle from the American Civil War to one of the Spanish-American War using the wound profile method.
Methods: A 0.
Purpose: To investigate the astigmatic changes induced by biaxial microincisional cataract surgery with enlargement of one incision to accommodate a foldable standard lens.
Methods: In a prospective controlled trial one eye each of 50 patients was evaluated. Two temporal microincisions were applied and the right-hand incision was enlarged to 2.
The extremities are the most common anatomic location for gunshot wounds. Because of the prevalence of gunshot injuries, it is important that orthopaedic surgeons are knowledgeable about caring for them. The most common injuries seen with gunshot wounds are those of the soft tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Clearance of synaptically released glutamate, and hence termination of glutamatergic neurotransmission, is carried out by glutamate transporters, most especially glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1) and the glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST) that are located in astrocytes. It is becoming increasingly well appreciated that changes in the function and expression of GLT-1 and GLAST occur under different physiological and pathological conditions. Here we investigated the plasticity in expression of GLT-1 and GLAST in the spinal dorsal horn using immunohistochemistry following partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSNL) in rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: To compare outcomes in wavefront-guided LASIK performed with iris recognition software versus without iris recognition software in different eyes of the same patient.
Methods: A randomised, prospective study of 104 myopic eyes of 52 patients undergoing LASIK surgery with the MEL80 excimer laser system was performed. Iris recognition software was used in one eye of each patient (study group) and not used in the other eye (control group).
Purpose: To assess the effect of ketorolac tromethamine 0.4% (Acular LS; Allergan Inc) drops in controlling LASIK pain.
Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled study was performed to evaluate the effect of Acular LS on LASIK pain.
Unlabelled: POSE: To compare visual, refractive, and safety outcomes among a non-wavefront scanning-slit laser (NIDEK EC-5000) and wavefront-driven lasers (Alcon CustomCornea and VISX CustomVue).
Methods: A retrospective comparison of outcomes for 290 eyes that underwent LASIK for myopia and myopic astigmatism with either a conventional or custom ablation excimer laser system were compared. The preoperative refractive error and age of the patients were matched.
Purpose: To assess the efficacy, predictability, safety, and quality-of-life effects of topography-guided laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the correction of myopia with astigmatism using the EC-5000 CXII excimer laser equipped with a customized aspheric treatment zone algorithm.
Setting: Ophthalmology clinics in the United States and Mexico.
Methods: In a multicenter United States Food and Drug Administration study of topography-guided LASIK, 4 centers enrolled 135 eyes with a spherical manifest refraction error ranging from -0.
J Manipulative Physiol Ther
November 2008
This article provides an overview of primary chiropractic issues as they relate to public health. This collaborative summary documents the chiropractic profession's current involvement in public health, reflects on past barriers that may have prevented full participation within the public health movement, and summarizes the relationship of current chiropractic and public health topics. Topics discussed include how the chiropractic profession participates in preventive health services, health promotion, immunization, geriatrics, health care in a military environment, and interdisciplinary care.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropathy is the chief dose-limiting side effect associated with the major classes of frontline cancer therapy drugs. Here the changes in behavioral responses of rats to cutaneous mechanical and thermal stimuli occurring following treatment with cisplatin and the changes in spinal neurophysiology accompanying the development of chemotherapy-induced hyperalgesia were explored. Systemic treatment with cisplatin induced changes in both mechanical and thermal cutaneous sensory withdrawal thresholds of Sprague-Dawley rats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemotherapy-induced pain is the most common treatment-limiting complication encountered by cancer patients receiving taxane-, vinca alkaloid- or platin-based chemotherapy. Several lines of evidence indicate that activation of pro-inflammatory cascades involving the release of cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as various growth factors are key events in the pathogenesis of many types of nerve-injury related pain. Similar mechanisms might also be involved in the etiology of chemotherapy-induced pain.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of bicortical with unicortical screws in a proximal tibial fracture cadaveric model.
Setting: Biomechanics laboratory at a Level 1 trauma center.
Patients/participants: Eight pairs (4 male and 4 female) of elderly (average age, 79 years; range, 63 to 104 years) cadaveric tibiae.
Purpose: To assess the efficacy, predictability, and safety of topography-guided laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the surgical correction of low to moderate myopia with astigmatism using the Nidek CXIII excimer laser equipped with the customized aspheric treatment zone (CATz) algorithm.
Methods: In a multicenter US Food and Drug Administration study of topography-guided LASIK, 4 centers enrolled 135 eyes with manifest refraction sphere that ranged from -0.50 to -7.
IL-2 and IL-15 were tested for effects on responses to mechanical or thermal stimuli when spinally administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats with surgically implanted intrathecal catheters. Restricted doses of both IL-2 and IL-15 produced increased responsiveness to mechanical stimulation of the hindpaws. This effect lasted up to 48 h.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol
May 2008
Lymphatic muscle contraction is critical for the centripetal movement of lymph that regulates fluid balance, protein homeostasis, lipid absorption, and immune function. We have demonstrated that lymphatic muscle has both smooth and striated muscle contractile elements; however, the basic contractile properties of this tissue remain poorly defined. We hypothesized that contractile characteristics of lymphatic myofilaments would be different from vascular smooth muscle myofilaments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn practice, the Bruce protocol is the most commonly used treadmill protocol to assess maximal oxygen consumption (V(.-)O2max). It has been suggested that a running protocol (e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComplications induced by the chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin, such as neuropathy and cachexia, occur frequently, are often dose limiting, and have an impact on quality of life and survival in cancer patients. The recently discovered hormone ghrelin is a potent GH secretagogue with orexigenic and neuroprotective properties that may prevent or ameliorate these complications. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of ghrelin administration on mechanical hyperalgesia, anorexia, and cachexia induced by cisplatin.
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