Obstetric management and outcome related to maternal characteristics.

Presented are the results of a logit analysis of the variations in birth management and outcome, other than birth weight, associated with socioeconomic and physical maternal characteristics at a London teaching hospital. Previous studies have not attempted to discriminate rigorously between the effects of correlated explanatory variables. Logit analysis overcomes this problem by systematically measuring the independent effect of each maternal characteristic on each type of management and outcome, holding the effects of all other maternal characteristics constant.

[Results and limits of fibrin-unspecific thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarct].

Acute myocardial infarction is caused by thrombotic occlusion of a coronary vessel. Mortality and quality of life are both determined by the extent of infarction. It is possible to interrupt the development of necrosis by early fibrinolytic therapy.

Body futures: the case against marketing human organs.

Creation of a market for the buying and selling of human organs for transplantation, even if it did allow supply to match demand, would be a serious mistake. Even if the market were fairly constructed, it might not dramatically increase the supply of transplantable organs, since donations likely would decrease if selling were allowed. Such a market would create a relative disadvantage for the poor, who would feel disproportionately greater pressure to sell their organs than would the wealthy.

Effect of a methylxanthine preparation in the form of a retention enema on pulmonary function and theophylline levels in patients with acute bronchospasm.

The goal of the current study was to determine whether administration of a methylxanthine preparation in the form of a retention enema (theophylline-diprophylline-proxyphylline combination, Neobiphyllin-Clys) has an effect similar to that of intravenous theophylline in the treatment of acute bronchospasm. In a randomized cross-over study 16 patients with a history of asthma were given 0.48 g of theophylline-ethylenediamine (TE) in the form of rapid intravenous infusion or a retention enema containing 400 mg theophylline, 600 mg diprophylline and 600 mg proxyphylline (TDP).

The nursing diagnosis of decreased cardiac output.

This descriptive study validated the nursing diagnosis of decreased cardiac output in a critical-care population. A cardiac output assessment tool was developed. Nursing interventions associated with decreased cardiac output were identified and classified as independent, collaborative, and dependent.

Estimates of lifetime lung cancer risks resulting from Rn progeny exposure.

Data on five mining populations exposed to Rn progeny have been used to estimate the lifetime risk of lung cancer resulting from occupational and environmental exposure under current standards. Slopes of dose-response relations for lung cancer show a tendency to decrease with increasing dose. Our best estimate of curvilinearity is given by raising dose to the power 0.

Simultaneous reticulocyte and platelet counting on a clinical flow cytometer.

Laser flow cytometric analysis is well suited to many clinical immunofluorescent and hematologic applications. One of these is automated reticulocyte and platelet enumerations. We have performed a clinical evaluation of a fluorescence laser flow cytometer reticulocyte and platelet enumeration method using the fluorochrome acridine orange.

Hemodynamic effects of molsidomine, isosorbide dinitrate, and nifedipine at rest and during exercise.

In the first study the hemodynamic effects of standard doses of molsidomine (2 mg intravenously), isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) (5 mg sublingually), and nifedipine (20 mg sublingually) were assessed at rest and under exercise conditions in a group of 30 patients with coronary heart disease. With the patients at rest both molsidomine and ISDN were associated with prompt reductions in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure, whereas nifedipine was associated with slight reductions in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure that did not attain statistical significance. Nifedipine and ISDN caused a decrease in mean aortic blood pressure, which resulted in a reactive increase in heart rate that was only significant with nifedipine.

Rapid accurate absolute granulocyte count determination during severe leukopenia using the flow cytometer.

The absolute granulocyte count (AGC) in 125 blood samples from patients with total white blood cell counts of less than 1,000/microliter was estimated using three different methods, which were then compared for efficiency and accuracy. The three methods were 25 cell differential counts using Wright's-stained blood smears, granulocyte percentage estimates from WBC counting chambers, and combined narrow- and wide-angle light-scatter characteristics determined on a flow cytometer. A survey of clinical laboratories at University Hospital Cancer Centers revealed that the smear differential was the most-often-used method in those laboratories even when less than 25 cells could be counted.

Do infant formula samples shorten the duration of breast-feeding?

To determine whether advertising by infant formula companies shortens the duration of breast-feeding, we randomly assigned 448 breast-feeding new mothers to either receive or not receive a formula sample packet upon discharge from a maternity ward. These mother, unaware of the study, were then telephoned 3 months post partum by a research assistant blind to the randomisation status. "Sample" mothers were less likely to still be breast-feeding at 1 month (78% vs 84%, p = 0.

Th determinants of birth weight.

Presented are the results of multivariate regression analysis of the variations in birth weight of term babies associated with the socioeconomic, physical, and medical factors recorded in obstetric case notes at a London teaching hospital. The results show that the sex of the baby, parity, maternal smoking during the pregnancy, maternal height, weight, marital status, and race, and gestation (after allowing for the foregoing characteristics) were all important and significant factors. Socioeconomic status, per se, was not, nor was age.

Flow cytometric characterization of the response of Fanconi's anemia cells to mitomycin C treatment.

DNA flow histogram analysis, using 33342 Hoechst as a stain, has been used to detect the effect of the potentially bifunctional alkylating agent, mitomycin C (MMC) on dermal fibroblasts from patients with Fanconi's anemia (FA), a hereditary human disease characterized by pancytopenia, hypersensitivity to DNA-crosslinking agents, congenital abnormalities and a predisposition for neoplasia. At 24 or 48 hr after a 2-hr exposure to 0.05 or 0.

Cytogenetic and flow cytometric studies of cells from patients with Fanconi's anemia.

Cells from patients wtih Fanconi's anemia are unusually sensitive to agents which are capable of crosslinking DNA. This increased sensitivity can be detected both by cytogenetic and flow cytometric methods. An elevated frequency of chromosome aberrations, which is further exaggerated by exposure of cells to DNA crosslinking agents, is a general feature of Fanconi's anemia.

Patterns of late replication in X chromosomes of human lymphoid cells.

Two predominant patterns of late X replication were observed in both short-term and established human lymphoid cultures. One pattern was found in a minority of short-term cultured T-cell metaphases, in most lectin-stimulated B cells, and, with minor variations, in established B-cell lines. In these cells, DNA replication terminated in the distal part of the long arm of the late X.