Complex span tasks and hippocampal recruitment during working memory.

The working memory (WM) system is vital to performing everyday functions that require attentive, non-automatic processing of information. However, its interaction with long term memory (LTM) is highly debated. Here, we used fMRI to examine whether a popular complex WM span task, thought to force the displacement of to-be-remembered items in the focus of attention to LTM, recruited medial temporal regions typically associated with LTM functioning to a greater extent and in a different manner than traditional neuroimaging WM tasks during WM encoding and maintenance.

Shock index in diagnosing early acute hypovolemia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the hemodynamic response and calculated shock index (SI=heart rate [HR]/systolic blood pressure [SBP]) in early acute blood loss.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study that enrolled healthy blood donors. Patients were excluded if not eligible for blood donation.