Timely treatment of acute inflammatory diseases induced by bacteria or fungi is essential to prevent infectious damage. Baricitinib is an inhibitor of Janus kinases (JAKs) which was approved to treat rheumatoid arthritis, atoptic dermatitis, and alopecia areata. It is also known that JAKs play important roles in innate immunity and inflammatory response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi
August 2024
Introduction: Intestinal microorganisms play an important role in the health of both humans and animals, with their composition being influenced by changes in the host's environment.
Methods: We evaluated the longitudinal changes in the fecal microbial community of rats at different altitudes across various time points. Rats were airlifted to high altitude (3,650 m) and acclimatized for 42 days (HAC), before being by airlifted back to low altitude (500 m) and de-acclimatized for 28 days (HADA); meanwhile, the control group included rats living at low altitude (500 m; LA).
Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi
March 2024
Objective To compare the functional differences between bone marrow derived macrophages and peritoneal macrophages, which may provide the basis for the selection of macrophages in immunological research and immunoregulatory drug evaluation. Methods Marophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) was used to induce the differentiation of bone marrow monocytes into macrophages, and thioglycolate medium was used to induce peritonitis to obtain peritoneal macrophages. After both macrophages being stimulated by zymosan, LPS, R848 and CpG respectively, mRNA levels of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α), interleukin 6(IL-6), macrophage inflammatory protein 1α(MIP-1α), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1(MCP-1) were measured by Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR and the concentrations of secreted TNF-α, IL-6, MIP-1α and MCP-1 were detected by ELISA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Vascular injury results in uncontrollable hemorrhage in hemorrhagic diseases and excessive antithrombotic therapy. Safe and efficient hemostatic agents which can be orally administered are urgently needed. Platelets play indispensable roles in hemostasis, but there is no drug exerting hemostatic effects through enhancing platelet function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
December 2023
As an emerging drug delivery vehicle, yeast glucan particles (YGPs) derived from yeast cells could be specifically taken up by macrophages. Therefore, these vehicles could rely on the recruitment of macrophages at the site of inflammation and tumors to enable targeted imaging and drug delivery. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of YGPs in oral targeted delivery systems, covering the basic structure of yeast cells, methods for pre-preparation, drug encapsulation and characterization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDue to environmental hypoxia on the Tibetan Plateau, local residents often exhibit a compensative increase in hemoglobin concentration to maintain the body's oxygen supply. However, increases in hemoglobin and hematocrit (Hct) pose a serious challenge to the quality of stored suspended red blood cells (SRBCs) prepared from the blood of high-hemoglobin populations, especially populations at high altitude with polycythemia in Tibet. To explore the difference in storage quality of SRBCs prepared from plateau residents with a high hemoglobin concentration, blood donors were recruited from Tibet (> 3600 m) and Chengdu (≈ 500 m) and divided into a high-altitude control (HAC) group, high-altitude polycythemia (HAPC) group and lowland control (LLC) group according to their hemoglobin concentration and altitude of residence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi
May 2023
This study aimed to explore the potentiating effect and mechanism of the extract of Jingfang Granules(JFG) on the activation of macrophages. The RAW264.7 cells were treated with JFG extract and then stimulated by multiple agents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOxaliplatin-based chemotherapy regimens are recommended for patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, oxaliplatin (OXA) can cause toxic side effects at the recommended dosage. Therefore, it is necessary to find new drug candidates that can synergize with OXA and thereby lower the OXA dose while still maintaining its efficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIron overload can lead to chronic complications, serious organ dysfunction or death in the body. Under hypoxic conditions, the body needs more iron to produce red blood cells to adapt to the hypoxic environment. The prevalence of iron overload in the Tibetan population is higher than that in the Han population.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes Metab Syndr Obes
August 2022
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory effect of salidroside on the intestinal flora of mice with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and its protective effect in the body.
Patients And Methods: We acclimated 8-week-old mice for 7 days, divided them into 4 groups, and continued dosing for 8 weeks. We recorded weekly blood glucose levels and body weight for each mouse.
Antimicrobial resistance has been an increasing public health threat in recent years. Antimicrobial peptides are considered as potential drugs against drug-resistant bacteria because they are mainly broad-spectrum and are unlikely to cause resistance. In this study, a novel peptide was obtained from the skin secretion of Agalychnis callidryas using the "shotgun" cloning method.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFis the major etiological agent for most gastric cancer. CagA has been reported to be an important virulence factor of , but its effect on the immune response is not yet clear. In this study, wild-type C57BL/6 mice and Ptpn6 mice were randomly assigned for infection with We demonstrated that CagA suppressed -stimulated expression of proinflammatory cytokines in vivo.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Clin Exp Pathol
February 2021
Type I interferons play a pivotal role in innate immune response to virus infection. The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 was reported to function as a negative regulator of inflammatory cytokine production by inhibiting activation of NF-κB and MAPKs during bacterial infection, however, the role of SHP-1 in regulating type I interferons remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that knockout or knockdown of SHP-1 in macrophages promoted both HSV-1- and VSV-induced antiviral immune response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe protein translocated intimin receptor (Tir) from enteropathogenic shares sequence similarity with the host cellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs (ITIMs). The ITIMs of Tir are required for Tir-mediated immune inhibition and evasion of host immune responses. However, the underlying molecular mechanism by which Tir regulates immune inhibition remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDysphania schraderiana is widely distributed in Lhasa (Tibet, China) and used as a traditional medicine. However, the lack of genetic information hinders the understanding of its physiological processes, such as the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Herein, we used Illumina Hiseq4000 platform to sequence the transcriptome of flower and leaf tissues from D.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEmerg Microbes Infect
August 2019
Many pathogens infect hosts through various immune evasion strategies. However, the molecular mechanisms by which pathogen proteins modulate and evade the host immune response remain unclear. Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) is a pathological strain that can induce mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (Erk, Jnk and p38 MAPK) and NF-κB pathway activation and proinflammatory cytokine production, which then causes diarrheal diseases such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic uremic syndrome.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNaringenin, extracted from grapefruits and citrus fruits, is a bioactive flavonoid with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, antifibrogenic, and anticancer properties. In the past two decades, the growth of publications of naringenin in PubMed suggests that naringenin is quickly gaining interest. However, systematically regarding its biological functions connected to its direct and indirect target proteins remains difficult but necessary.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInflammation is usually the defensive reaction of the immune system to the invasion of pathogen and the exogenous objects. The activation of inflammation helps our body to eliminate pathogenic microbe, virus, and parasite harming our health, while under many circumstances inflammation is the direct cause of the pathological damage in tissues and dysfunction of organs. The posttranslational modification (PTM) of the inflammatory pathways, such as TLR pathways, RLR pathways, NLR pathway, intracellular DNA sensors, intracellular RNA sensors, and inflammasomes, is crucial in the regulation of these signaling trails.
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