Depressive State in the Emergency Department During COVID-19: A National Cross-Sectional Survey in China.

Chinese emergency department (ED) staff encountered significant mental stress while fighting the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We sought to investigate the prevalence and associated factors for depressive symptoms among ED staff (including physicians, nurses, allied health, and auxiliary ED staff). A cross-sectional national survey of ED staff who were on duty and participated in combating the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted March 1-15, 2020.

Accurate instance segmentation of surgical instruments in robotic surgery: model refinement and cross-dataset evaluation.

Purpose: Automatic segmentation of surgical instruments in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery plays a fundamental role in improving context awareness. In this work, we present an instance segmentation model based on refined Mask R-CNN for accurately segmenting the instruments as well as identifying their types.

Methods: We re-formulate the instrument segmentation task as an instance segmentation task.

A Metastasis-Related lncRNA Signature Correlates With the Prognosis in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.

To explore the role of metastasis-related long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) signature for predicting the prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. Firstly, metastasis-associated genes were identified to establish a metastasis-related lncRNA signature by statistical analysis. Secondly, the ccRCC patients were grouped into high-risk or low-risk group according to the established signature, and the different pathways between the 2 groups were identified by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA).

Repurposing of Metformin for Cancer Therapy: Updated Patent and Literature Review.

Background: Over recent years, there has been an increasing focus on the repurposing of existing, well-known medications for new, novel usage. One such drug is metformin, typically utilized in the management of diabetes, which demonstrates a positive relationship between its administration and lower cancer morbidity and mortality. Based on this finding, numerous studies and clinical trials have been conducted to examine the potential usage of metformin as an anticancer agent.

Machine Learning and Radiomics Applications in Esophageal Cancers Using Non-Invasive Imaging Methods-A Critical Review of Literature.

Esophageal cancer (EC) is of public health significance as one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Accurate staging, treatment planning and prognostication in EC patients are of vital importance. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) techniques demonstrate their potential to provide novel quantitative imaging markers in medical imaging.

Emerging trends in anion storage materials for the capacitive and hybrid energy storage and beyond.

Electrochemical capacitors charge and discharge more rapidly than batteries over longer cycles, but their practical applications remain limited due to their significantly lower energy densities. Pseudocapacitors and hybrid capacitors have been developed to extend Ragone plots to higher energy density values, but they are also limited by the insufficient breadth of options for electrode materials, which require materials that store alkali metal cations such as Li and Na. Herein, we report a comprehensive and systematic review of emerging anion storage materials for performance- and functionality-oriented applications in electrochemical and battery-capacitor hybrid devices.

Targeting Ubiquitin-Proteasome System With Copper Complexes for Cancer Therapy.

Characterizing mechanisms of protein homeostasis, a process of balancing between protein synthesis and protein degradation, is important for understanding the potential causes of human diseases. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a well-studied mechanism of protein catabolism, which is responsible for eliminating misfolded, damaged, or aging proteins, thereby maintaining quality and quantity of cellular proteins. The UPS is composed of multiple components, including a series of enzymes (E1, E2, E3, and deubiquitinase [DUB]) and 26S proteasome (19S regulatory particles + 20S core particle).

Chest CT Images for COVID-19: Radiologists and Computer-Based Detection.

Background: Characteristic chest computed tomography (CT) manifestation of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) was added as a diagnostic criterion in the Chinese National COVID-19 management guideline. Whether the characteristic findings of Chest CT could differentiate confirmed COVID-19 cases from other positive nucleic acid test (NAT)-negative patients has not been rigorously evaluated.

Purpose: We aim to test whether chest CT manifestation of 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) can be differentiated by a radiologist or a computer-based CT image analysis system.

Therapeutic potential of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell exosomes in tissue-engineered bladders.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a therapeutic tool for tissue engineering. However, many studies have recently shown that the therapeutic effects of MSCs are mediated by paracrine signaling and their secretory factors rather than their multidirectional differentiation ability. Exosomes isolated from the conditioned medium of MSCs are considered the main intercellular communication medium between MSCs and their target cells.

Characterization of fosfomycin resistance and molecular epidemiology among carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from two tertiary hospitals in China.

Background: Fosfomycin has been proven to be a vital choice to treat infection caused by multidrug resistance bacteria, especially carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP). However, fosfomycin resistant cases has been reported gradually. In this study, we reported the fosfomycin-resistant rate in CRKP strains and further revealed the molecular mechanisms in resistance gene dissemination.

Layered Double Hydroxide Quantum Dots for Use in a Bifunctional Separator of Lithium-Sulfur Batteries.

Functional separators, which are chemically modified and coated with nanostructured materials, are considered an effective and economical approach to suppressing the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide (LiPS) and promoting the conversion kinetics of sulfur cathodes. Herein, we report cobalt-aluminum-layered double hydroxide quantum dots (LDH-QDs) deposited with nitrogen-doped graphene (NG) as a bifunctional separator for lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs). The mesoporous LDH-QDs/NG hybrids possess abundant active sites of Co and hydroxide groups, which result in capturing LiPSs through strong chemical interactions and accelerating the redox kinetics of the conversion reaction, as confirmed through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, adsorption tests, LiS nucleation tests, and electrokinetic analyses of the LiPS conversion.

Federated deep learning for detecting COVID-19 lung abnormalities in CT: a privacy-preserving multinational validation study.

Data privacy mechanisms are essential for rapidly scaling medical training databases to capture the heterogeneity of patient data distributions toward robust and generalizable machine learning systems. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, a major focus of artificial intelligence (AI) is interpreting chest CT, which can be readily used in the assessment and management of the disease. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of a federated learning method for detecting COVID-19 related CT abnormalities with external validation on patients from a multinational study.

Temporal Memory Relation Network for Workflow Recognition From Surgical Video.

Automatic surgical workflow recognition is a key component for developing context-aware computer-assisted systems in the operating theatre. Previous works either jointly modeled the spatial features with short fixed-range temporal information, or separately learned visual and long temporal cues. In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end temporal memory relation network (TMRNet) for relating long-range and multi-scale temporal patterns to augment the present features.

Simultaneous Determination of Nine Residual Solvents in Sorafenib Tosylate by Gas Chromatography.

Background: Direct injection gas chromatography is convenient and quick. The residual solvent with a higher boiling point can be measured by using direct inhection gas chromatography. This method could be developed for residual solvents analysis of sorafenible tosylate.

Downregulation of DNA ligases in trophoblasts contributes to recurrent pregnancy loss through inducing DNA damages.

Introduction: As key components of DNA repair pathways, DNA ligases catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds between DNA single strands, which function as a "glue" to seal the DNA breaks. DNA ligases play important roles in almost all the normal physiological processes for maintaining the stability of genomic DNA, but their functions in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) are still unclear.

Methods: Immunoblotting was used to determine protein level.

Distribution and behaviour of Pa in 2LiF-BeF molten salt.

Distribution and behavior of Pa, essential in the thorium-uranium nuclear fuel cycle, were studied in 2LiF-BeF (66 : 34 mole%, FLiBe) molten salt by γ-ray spectrometry. The experiments showed that Pa deposited slightly on the surface of graphite crucible. The addition of Hastelloy and metallic lithium decreased the Pa specific activity in the salt by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude rapidly.

Edge-Aware Pyramidal Deformable Network for Unsupervised Registration of Brain MR Images.

Deformable image registration is of essential important for clinical diagnosis, treatment planning, and surgical navigation. However, most existing registration solutions require separate rigid alignment before deformable registration, and may not well handle the large deformation circumstances. We propose a novel edge-aware pyramidal deformable network (referred as EPReg) for unsupervised volumetric registration.

[Meta-analysis of the curative effect of low molecular weight heparin on acute respiratory distress syndrome].

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of low molecular weight heparin on the curative effect of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients through a systematic evaluation method.

Methods: Databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library database, Web of Science, CNKI, China Biological Medical Literature Database (CBM), VIP, Wanfang database were searched to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on low molecular weight heparin and conventional treatment on the efficacy and prognosis of patients with acute lung injury (ALI)/ARDS from the establishment of the database to September 2020. The conventional treatment group was given conventional treatment, and the low molecular heparin group was given low molecular heparin based on conventional treatment.

[Experience in the construction of social first aid service system: the on-demand training of "Baoan Mode"].

At present there is a lack of standardized first-aid training mode in China. It is an important issue in the construction of social first aid system that how to arrange the first aid training and popularization in a planned and reasonable way according to the limited training resources. Under the guidance of Shenzhen City Baoan District government, the "Baoan Mode" of social emergency grid management has been promoted and achieved good results.

Seasonal Changes in Root-Associated Fungal Microbiota Drive N and P Cycling in Terrestrial Ecosystem.

In terrestrial ecosystems, mycorrhizal roots play a key role in the cycling of soil carbon (C) and other nutrients. The impact of environmental factors on the mycorrhizal fungal community has been well studied; however, the seasonal variations in the root-associated fungal microbiota affected by environmental changes are less clear. To improve the understanding of how environmental factors shape the fungal microbiota in mycorrhizal roots, seasonal changes in root-associated fungi were investigated.

Multi-Site Infant Brain Segmentation Algorithms: The iSeg-2019 Challenge.

To better understand early brain development in health and disorder, it is critical to accurately segment infant brain magnetic resonance (MR) images into white matter (WM), gray matter (GM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Deep learning-based methods have achieved state-of-the-art performance; h owever, one of the major limitations is that the learning-based methods may suffer from the multi-site issue, that is, the models trained on a dataset from one site may not be applicable to the datasets acquired from other sites with different imaging protocols/scanners. To promote methodological development in the community, the iSeg-2019 challenge (http://iseg2019.

Homozygous variants in PANX1 cause human oocyte death and female infertility.

PANX1, one of the members of the pannexin family, is a highly glycosylated channel-forming protein. Recently, we identified heterozygous variants in PANX1 that follow an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern and cause female infertility characterized by oocyte death. In this study, we screened for novel PANX1 variants in patients with the phenotype of oocyte death and discovered a new type of inheritance pattern accompanying PANX1 variants.

Updated review on green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a cancer epigenetic regulator.

In-depth insights in cancer biology over the past decades have highlighted the important roles of epigenetic mechanisms in the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis. The cancer epigenome usually experiences multiple alternations, including genome-wide DNA hypomethylation and site-specific DNA hypermethylation, various histone posttranslational modifications, and dysregulation of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). These epigenetic changes are plastic and reversible, and could potentially occur in the early stage of carcinogenesis preceding genetic mutation, offering unique opportunities for intervention therapies.