Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in the First Years of Life - Onset, Initial Treatment, and Early Disease Course.

Objective: This study investigated the onset and the choice of treatment in children with very early onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D).

Methods: The study included 5,763 patients from the German Diabetes Patient Follow-up registry with onset of T1D in the first 4 years of life from January 2010 - June 2022. The analysis included diabetes-specific parameters, anthropometric data, and mode of treatment at onset, within the first and second year of T1D.

Early-stage lung cancer is driven by a transitional cell state dependent on a KRAS-ITGA3-SRC axis.

Glycine-12 mutations in the GTPase KRAS (KRAS) are an initiating event for development of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). KRAS mutations promote cell-intrinsic rewiring of alveolar type-II progenitor (AT2) cells, but to what extent such changes interplay with lung homeostasis and cell fate pathways is unclear. Here, we generated single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) profiles from AT2-mesenchyme organoid co-cultures, mice, and stage-IA LUAD patients, identifying conserved regulators of AT2 transcriptional dynamics and defining the impact of KRAS mutation with temporal resolution.

Management of severe tetanus in Afghanistan: lessons from the field.

Introduction: Tetanus is a rather rare disease in the Western countries thanks to widespread vaccination programs and the availability of prophylactics for patients with tetanus-prone injuries. The few cases that do occur are promptly managed in intensive care units (ICUs). However, tetanus is not so rare in developing countries, where access to a suitable level of care is limited.

Healthy eating behaviors and food consumption frequencies of retail workers.

Background: Retail workers comprise millions of people, but little is known about their eating behaviors and food consumption patterns.

Objective: To examine the healthy eating behaviors and food consumption frequencies of retail workers in shopping malls.

Methods: The sample of this descriptive study consisted of 385 retail employees working in ready-made garment stores of shopping malls in Istanbul (42% of those eligible).

The association between the work environment and the fear of COVID-19 experienced by nurses.

Background: The conditions in the workplace have a critical influence on the mental health of nurses and their attitudes toward their job, which may impact patient care.

Objective: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between perceptions of the work environment and fear of COVID-19 experienced by nurses.

Methods: The data were collected using a demographic data form, the Work Environment Scale (WES), and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale.

Urinary Protein-Biomarkers Reliably Indicate Very Early Kidney Damage in Children With Alport Syndrome Independently of Albuminuria and Inflammation.

Introduction: Alport syndrome (AS) is a hereditary type IV collagen disease. It starts shortly after birth, without clinical symptoms, and progresses to end-stage kidney disease early in life. The earlier therapy starts, the more effectively end-stage kidney disease can be delayed.

Reflections of the COVID-19 pandemic on health problems of children with special needs.

Objective: This research aimed to examine changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in activities of daily living and health status of children with special needs.

Method: The current descriptive and comparative study was carried out with 82 students studying at a special education practice school that provided daytime education to children with special needs before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Personal Information Form, the Katz Index of Independence in Activities of Daily Living, and the Omaha System Problem Classification Scheme were employed as data collection tools in the research.

Druggable growth dependencies and tumor evolution analysis in patient-derived organoids of neuroendocrine neoplasms from multiple body sites.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) comprise well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). Treatment options for patients with NENs are limited, in part due to lack of accurate models. We establish patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) from pulmonary NETs and derive PDTOs from an understudied subtype of NEC, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), arising from multiple body sites.

Reliability and Quality of the Nursing Care Planning Texts Generated by ChatGPT.

Background: The research on ChatGPT-generated nursing care planning texts is critical for enhancing nursing education through innovative and accessible learning methods, improving reliability and quality.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the quality, authenticity, and reliability of the nursing care planning texts produced using ChatGPT.

Methods: The study sample comprised 40 texts generated by ChatGPT selected nursing diagnoses that were included in NANDA 2021-2023.

Prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths and associated risk factors among primary school children in Kandahar, Afghanistan: A cross-sectional analytical study.

Background: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are global health problem, especially in low-income countries. Main objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and intensity of STH and its risk factors among school children in Kandahar city of Afghanistan.

Methodology/principal Findings: This was a school-based cross-sectional analytical study, with data collected during eight-month-period (May-December, 2022) from 6- and 12-years old school children in Kandahar city, Afghanistan.

Organoid modeling reveals the tumorigenic potential of the alveolar progenitor cell state.

Alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells, the epithelial progenitor cells of the distal lung, are known to be the prominent cell of origin for lung adenocarcinoma. The regulatory programs that control chromatin and gene expression in AT2 cells during the early stages of tumor initiation are not well understood. Here, we dissected the response of AT2 cells to Kras activation and p53 loss (KP) using combined single cell RNA and ATAC sequencing in an established tumor organoid system.

The role of macrophages in non-small cell lung cancer and advancements in 3D co-cultures.

Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Traditional therapeutic approaches such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy have provided only a marginal improvement in the treatment of lung carcinomas. Inhibitors targeting specific genetic aberrations present in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most common subtype (85%), have improved the prognostic outlook, but due to the complexity of the LC mutational spectrum, only a fraction of patients benefit from these targeted molecular therapies.

Changes in cardiovascular risk factors among children and young adults with type 1 diabetes during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to previous years-Results from the German DPV registry.

Background: The diverse stages of the COVID-19 pandemic led to several social circumstances that influenced daily life and health behavior.

Purpose: To evaluate changes in cardiovascular risk factors and physical activity among children and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany compared to previous years.

Methods: A total of 32 785 individuals aged 6-21 years at baseline with T1D from the German diabetes patient follow-up (DPV) registry contributed data on 101 484 person-years between 2016 and 2021.

Clinical presentation and long-term outcome of patients with KCNJ11/ABCC8 variants: Neonatal diabetes or MODY in the DPV registry from Germany and Austria.

Objective: To describe clinical presentation/longterm outcomes of patients with ABCC8/KCNJ11 variants in a large cohort of patients with diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: We analyzed patients in the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up (DPV) registry with diabetes and pathogenic variants in the ABCC8/KCNJ11 genes. For patients with available data at three specific time-points-classification as K -channel variant, 2-year follow-up and most recent visit-the longitudinal course was evaluated in addition to the cross-sectional examination.

Medical Students' Attitudes Towards Cardiothoracic Surgery in the United Kingdom: A Cross-Sectional Survey of 1675 Students.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were the following: (i) assess interest levels in cardiothoracic surgery (CTS) among UK-based medical students, (ii) identify potential motivators and barriers to pursuing CTS training, (iii) explore the influence of gender on interest in CTS in greater depth.

Methods: Medical students from all year groups across UK medical schools were invited to participate in a cross-sectional, national online survey. Responses were collected from 02/12/2019 to 08/12/2019.

Effects of the UNI-PAHNP on physical activity and nutrition behaviors in overweight/obese university students in Turkey.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a Pender's health promotion model-based Physical Activity and Healthy Nutrition Program for University Students (UNI-PAHNP) as a means for improving university students' nutrition and physical activity behaviors.

Method: A total of 110 overweight and obese students were randomized into study and control groups.

Findings: Students in the intervention group showed significant decreases in body mass index and waist circumference and significant increases in step count, physical activity, nutrition and exercise scores, vegetable and water intake frequency, and self-efficacy to regulate nutrition and exercise from pre-intervention to six months post-intervention (p < 0.

Sex differences over time for glycemic control, pump use and insulin dose in patients aged 10-40 years with type 1 diabetes: a diabetes registry study.

Introduction: To evaluate sex differences in people with type 1 diabetes concerning changes in glycemic control and trends in insulin pump use and insulin dose over two decades in adolescents and one-and-a-half decades in adults.

Research Design And Methods: People aged 10-20 years (data years 1999-2018) and 21-40 years (data years 2004-2018) with type 1 diabetes were identified in the Diabetes Prospective Follow-up Registry (DPV). All available patients' data sets of the respective period were used for linear regression analyses to investigate trends in HbA1c, pump use, insulin doses and body mass index SD scores (BMI-SDS) in females and males.

Experiences and perceptions of Turkish intensive care nurses providing care to Covid-19 patients: A qualitative study.

Aim: To describe the experiences of intensive care nurses who provided care to Covid-19 patients and their perceptions towards the disease and their work conditions during the pandemic.

Introduction: Identification of experiences and perceptions of intensive care nurses towards disease, care and their workplace conditions when providing care to Covid-19 patients will inform decision-makers about improvements that can be implemented.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has led to increased strain and workplace-related health risks to intensive care nurses, but it has also provided a unique experience and opportunities for learning and development.