Mandatory health insurance and health care utilization in Togo.

Background: Despite the implementation of a mandatory health insurance (MHI) scheme in Togo since 2011, its coverage rate remains low, resulting in a high out-of-pocket payment rate. More than 10 years after its implementation, there are few empirical studies investigating the extent to which Togo's mandatory health insurance has improved beneficiaries' access to health care. Examining how MHI and healthcare use in Togo are related is the goal of this study.

Extension of mandatory health insurance to informal sector workers in Togo.

Background: About 90.4% of Togolese workers operate in the informal sector and account for between 20 and 30% of Togo's Gross Domestic Product. Despite their importance in the Togolese economy, informal sector workers (ISW) do not have a health insurance scheme.