[Not Available].

This is a case report of a hospitalised 31-year-old female with rhabdomyolysis following a single 20-minute training session wearing a whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) suit. The patient presented with severe muscle pain, dark-coloured urine, and among others elevated levels of plasma creatine kinase and myoglobin. This case report demonstrate that unaccustomed WB-EMS training may be harmful.

[Hyperpigmentation reveals Addison's disease in a pregnant woman].

A 31-year-old woman was admitted to the local department of endocrinology for control of known anti-TPO positive hypothyroidism during pregnancy. The clinician noticed a remarkable hyperpigmentation. Primary adrenal insufficiency was diagnosed and treatment with cortico- and mineralosteroids commenced.

[Muscle weakness in the extremities in a man with Graves' disease].

A 42-year-old man of Chinese descent, known to have Graves' disease, presented with muscle weakness. Neurological examination showed paralysis of the arms and legs, with intact sensory function, while blood-test revealed hypokalaemia and thyrotoxicosis. The neurological symptoms resolved quickly after correction of the serum potassium level.

Genetic markers of abdominal obesity and weight loss after gastric bypass surgery.

Background: Weight loss after bariatric surgery varies widely between individuals, partly due to genetic differences. In addition, genetic determinants of abdominal obesity have been shown to attenuate weight loss after dietary intervention with special attention paid to the rs1358980-T risk allele in the VEGFA locus. Here we aimed to test if updated genetic risk scores (GRSs) for adiposity measures and the rs1358980-T risk allele are linked with weight loss following gastric bypass surgery.

Reduction of oxidative stress on DNA and RNA in obese patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery-An observational cohort study of changes in urinary markers.

Increased oxidative stress in obesity and diabetes is associated with morbidity and mortality risks. Levels of oxidative damage to DNA and RNA can be estimated through measurement of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2´-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine (8-oxoGuo) in urine. Both markers have been associated with type 2 diabetes, where especially 8-oxoGuo is prognostic for mortality risk.

Gut Mucosal Gene Expression and Metabolic Changes After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery.

Objective: Changes in the secretion of gut-derived peptide hormones have been associated with the metabolic benefits of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. In this study, the effects of RYGB on anthropometrics, postprandial plasma hormone responses, and mRNA expression in small intestinal mucosa biopsy specimens before and after RYGB were evaluated.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 20 individuals with obesity undergoing RYGB underwent mixed meal tests and upper enteroscopy with retrieval of small intestinal mucosa biopsy specimens 3 months before and after surgery.

Counterregulatory responses to postprandial hypoglycemia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Background: Postbariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) is a potentially serious complication after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and impaired counterregulatory hormone responses have been suggested to contribute to the condition.

Objectives: We evaluated counterregulatory responses during postprandial hypoglycemia in individuals with PBH who underwent RYGB.

Setting: University hospital.

Evidence for Relationship Between Early Dumping and Postprandial Hypoglycemia After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

Background: Early dumping and post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) are often addressed as two separate postprandial complications after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of early dumping in RYGB-operated individuals with PBH with and without treatment intervention.

Methods: Eleven RYGB-operated women with documented PBH each underwent a baseline liquid mixed meal test (MMT) followed by five MMTs preceded by treatment with: acarbose 50 mg for 1 week, sitagliptin 100 mg for 1 week, verapamil 120 mg for 1 week, liraglutide 1.

A Low Dose of Pasireotide Prevents Hypoglycemia in Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass-Operated Individuals.

Post-bariatric hypoglycemia (PBH) can be a serious complication after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), and treatment with somatostatin analogs has been suggested. We investigated the acute effects of three different doses of pasireotide (75 μg, 150 μg, and 300 μg) on the postprandial glucose metabolism in five RYGB-operated individuals with PBH using a mixed meal test. All three doses prevented hypoglycemia but were associated with a notable increase in postprandial hyperglycemia.

Investigating Intestinal Glucagon After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery.

Context: After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, postprandial plasma glucagon concentrations have been reported to increase. This occurs despite concomitant improved glucose tolerance and increased circulating plasma concentrations of insulin and the glucagon-inhibiting hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1).

Objective: To investigate whether RYGB-induced hyperglucagonemia may be derived from the gut.

Postprandial hypoglycaemia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and the effects of acarbose, sitagliptin, verapamil, liraglutide and pasireotide.

Aim: To investigate the effects of acarbose, sitagliptin, verapamil, liraglutide and pasireotide on post-bariatric hypoglycaemia (PBH) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Materials And Methods: In a randomized crossover study, 11 women who had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and had documented hypoglycaemia were each evaluated during a baseline period without treatment and during five treatment periods with the following interventions: acarbose 50 mg for 1 week, sitagliptin 100 mg for 1 week, verapamil 120 mg for 1 week, liraglutide 1.2 mg for 3 weeks and pasireotide 300 μg as a single dose.

Genetic Determinants of Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery.

Background: The weight loss after bariatric surgery shows considerable individual variation. Twin studies of response to dietary interventions and studies of bariatric surgery patients suggest that genetic differences may play a role. This study aimed to examine the effect of three genetic risk scores on the inter-individual variation in excess body mass index loss (EBMIL) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Metabolic Health in Severely Obese Subjects: A Descriptive Study.

Background: The prevalence of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) subjects among morbidly obese subjects is poorly described.

Aim: To describe the prevalence of metabolically healthy subjects in a group of morbidly obese referred for bariatric surgery.

Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, 1209 subjects (825 women/384 men) mean body mass index (BMI) of 45.

Postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: an update.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an efficient treatment for morbid obesity and reduces obesity-related co-morbidities. With the growing number of patients undergoing gastric bypass, complications now demand further attention. Postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (PHH) after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a complex condition, characterized by increased glucose variability including both hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic values.

Gastric bypass surgery reveals independency of obesity and diabetes melitus type 2.

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery is widely applied to ameliorate morbid obesity, including diabetes in people with type 2 diabetes. The latter vanish a few days after surgery for many, but not in all patients before any weight reduction has occurred. The explanation for this change in metabolic status is poorly understood, but the observation may suggest that the fate obesity and diabetes is only partly linked after surgery.

Changes in Hematology and Calcium Metabolism After Gastric Bypass Surgery--a 2-Year Follow-Up Study.

Background: Concerns regarding nutritional deficiencies have recently emerged after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Methods: A total of 835 subjects underwent RYGB, age 43.3 years, body mass index (BMI) 47.

Carotid intima-media thickness is reduced 12 months after gastric bypass surgery in obese patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.

Aim: To investigate whether Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) - an in vivo model for normalisation of hyperglycaemia - improves carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and normal glucose tolerance (NGT).

Methods: Observational prospective study, 34 obese patients (T2D (n = 14)/IGT (n = 4), and NGT (n = 16)) were investigated before and six and 12months after RYGB.

Results: Mean carotid IMT was significantly reduced 12months after RYGB in patients with T2D/IGT (-0.

Reduction in cardiovascular risk factors and insulin dose, but no beta-cell regeneration 1 year after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in an obese patient with type 1 diabetes: a case report.

Experience with Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with type 1 diabetes is very limited, despite an increasing prevalence of obesity also in this population. We describe changes in anthropometric measures, insulin dose, HbA1c, blood pressure, lipid status, and metabolic response to a liquid mixed meal throughout the first year after RYGB in an obese patient with type 1 diabetes. No change in HbA1c was observed, but a 48% reduction in weight-adjusted insulin dose and improvements in cardiovascular risk factors was seen 1 year after surgery.

Early enhancements of hepatic and later of peripheral insulin sensitivity combined with increased postprandial insulin secretion contribute to improved glycemic control after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) improves glycemic control within days after surgery, and changes in insulin sensitivity and β-cell function are likely to be involved. We studied 10 obese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 10 obese glucose-tolerant subjects before and 1 week, 3 months, and 1 year after RYGB. Participants were included after a preoperative diet-induced total weight loss of -9.

Exaggerated release and preserved insulinotropic action of glucagon-like peptide-1 underlie insulin hypersecretion in glucose-tolerant individuals after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Aims/hypothesis: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) improves glycaemic control in part by increasing postprandial insulin secretion through exaggerated glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 release. However, it is unknown whether islet cell responsiveness to i.v.

Effects of gastric bypass surgery on glucose absorption and metabolism during a mixed meal in glucose-tolerant individuals.

Aims/hypothesis: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) improves glucose tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes, but also changes the glucose profile in response to a meal in glucose-tolerant individuals. We hypothesised that the driving force for the changed postprandial glucose profiles after RYGB is rapid entry of glucose into the systemic circulation due to modified gastrointestinal anatomy, causing hypersecretion of insulin and other hormones influencing glucose disappearance and endogenous glucose production.

Methods: We determined glucose absorption and metabolism and the rate of lipolysis before and 3 months after RYGB in obese glucose-tolerant individuals using the double-tracer technique during a mixed meal.

Exaggerated glucagon-like peptide 1 response is important for improved β-cell function and glucose tolerance after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in patients with type 2 diabetes.

β-Cell function improves in patients with type 2 diabetes in response to an oral glucose stimulus after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. This has been linked to the exaggerated secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), but causality has not been established. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of GLP-1 in improving β-cell function and glucose tolerance and regulating glucagon release after RYGB using exendin(9-39) (Ex-9), a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R)-specific antagonist.