Trait aggression is associated with five-factor personality traits in males.

Background: Although aggression is conceptualized as a dimensional construct with violent behavior representing the extreme end of a spectrum, studies on the involvement of personality traits in human aggression have typically only included data representing a restricted spectrum of aggressive behaviors.

Methods: In the current study, we therefore examine whether trait aggression is associated with five-factor model personality traits in an enriched sample of 259 men with a broad continuum of trait aggression, ranging from very low to very high including 39 incarcerated aggressive violent offenders. All participants completed the NEO Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO PI-R) and the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ).

Anterior cingulate serotonin 1B receptor binding is associated with emotional response inhibition.

Serotonin has a well-established role in emotional processing and is a key neurotransmitter in impulsive aggression, presumably by facilitating response inhibition and regulating subcortical reactivity to aversive stimuli. In this study 44 men, of whom 19 were violent offenders and 25 were non-offender controls, completed an emotional Go/NoGo task requiring inhibition of prepotent motor responses to emotional facial expressions. We also measured cerebral serotonin 1B receptor (5-HTR) binding with [C]AZ10419369 positron emission tomography within regions of the frontal cortex.

Violent offenders respond to provocations with high amygdala and striatal reactivity.

The ability to successfully suppress impulses and angry affect is fundamental to control aggressive reactions following provocations. The aim of this study was to examine neural responses to provocations and aggression using a laboratory model of reactive aggression. We used a novel functional magnetic resonance imaging point-subtraction aggression paradigm in 44 men, of whom 18 were incarcerated violent offenders and 26 were control non-offenders.

Aggression in Psychiatric Wards: Effect of the Use of a Structured Risk Assessment.

Health care workers are often exposed to violence and aggression in psychiatric settings. Short-term risk assessments, such as the Brøset Violence Checklist (BVC), are strong predictors of such aggression and may enable staff to take preventive measures against aggression. This study evaluated whether the routine use of the BVC could reduce the frequency of patient aggression.

Serotonin 1B Receptor Binding Is Associated With Trait Anger and Level of Psychopathy in Violent Offenders.

Background: The involvement of serotonin in aggression has traditionally been attributed to impaired prefrontal serotonergic inhibitory control of emotional reactions to provocations in antisocial individuals. However, it is unclear which specific serotonergic receptors are involved in the effects. A large body of preclinical research supports a specific role of serotonin 1B receptors (5-HTRs) in aggression and impulsivity, but this has never been evaluated in humans.

Comparing the effect of non-medical mechanical restraint preventive factors between psychiatric units in Denmark and Norway.

Background: The use of mechanical restraint (MR) is controversial, and large differences regarding the use of MR are often found among countries. In an earlier study, we observed that MR was used twice as frequently in Denmark than Norway.

Aims: To examine how presumed MR preventive factors of non-medical origin may explain the differing number of MR episodes between Denmark and Norway.

Mechanical restraint in psychiatry: preventive factors in theory and practice. A Danish-Norwegian association study.

Purpose: To examine how potential mechanical restraint preventive factors in hospitals are associated with the frequency of mechanical restraint episodes.

Design And Methods: This study employed a retrospective association design, and linear regression was used to assess the associations.

Findings: Three mechanical restraint preventive factors were significantly associated with low rates of mechanical restraint use: mandatory review (exp[B] = .

The Aggression Observation Short Form identified episodes not reported on the Staff Observation Aggression Scale--Revised.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the underreporting of violence and aggression on the Staff Observation Aggression Scale-Revised (SOAS-R) when compared to a simpler assessment: the Aggression Observation Short Form (AOS). During a period of one year, two open and two closed wards gathered data on both the SOAS-R and the AOS for all of their patients. The 22-item SOAS-R is to be filled out after each violent episode.

Sensitivity and specificity of the Brøset Violence Checklist as predictor of violence in forensic psychiatry.

Background: Violence and aggressive behavior within psychiatric facilities are serious work environment problems, which have negative consequences for both patients and staff. It is therefore of great importance to reduce both the number and the severity of these violent incidents to improve quality of care.

Aims: To evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of the Brøset Violence Checklist (BVC) as a predictor of violent incidents for Danish forensic psychiatry patients.

Mechanical restraint--which interventions prevent episodes of mechanical restraint?- a systematic review.

Purpose: To identify interventions preventing mechanical restraints.

Design And Methods: Systematic review of international research papers dealing with mechanical restraint. The review combines qualitative and quantitative research in a new way, describing the quality of evidence and the effect of intervention.

[Psychosis and crime].

The number of forensic patients has increased dramatically in Denmark as well as in many other countries during the last three decades. The patients predominantly suffer from schizophrenia. The offences committed by the patients are often violence.

Mental disorders and charges of violent offences. A study of male adolescent remand prisoners.

This study describes associations between mental disorders and charges of violence among remanded adolescents. 100 15-17 year old boys from East Denmark, consecutively remanded during one year, were interviewed with SCAN, K-SADS and SCID-II to obtain past year ICD-10 diagnoses. There was no statistically significant association between the occurrence of a violent charge and mental disorders in general (OR=1.

Violence of young criminals predicts schizophrenia: a 9-year register-based followup of 15- to 19-year-old criminals.

Violent and aggressive behavior in preschizophrenia adolescents has been described in several studies. Our aim was to investigate the extent to which violent conviction in late adolescence predicted later schizophrenia in a cohort of young criminals. We performed a 9-year register-based followup of a complete national cohort of young convicted criminals.