Immunohistochemical studies of the periodontal membrane in primary teeth.

Objectives: To describe the periodontal membrane of human primary teeth immunohistochemically, while focusing on the epithelial layer of Malassez, fibers, and peripheral nerves, and to compare the findings with those of a previous study of human permanent teeth.

Material And Methods: Nineteen human primary teeth extracted in late childhood in connection with treatment were fixed, decalcified, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin. Paraffin sections were stained with wide spectrum screening (WSS), Vimentin, and NeuN in order to mark the epithelial layer of Malassez, fibers, and peripheral nerves.

The human periodontal membrane: focusing on the spatial interrelation between the epithelial layer of Malassez, fibers, and innervation.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to map the spatial interrelation of fibers, peripheral nerves, and epithelial layer of Malassez in human periodontal membrane in areas close to the root surfaces.

Material And Methods: Four healthy permanent teeth extracted from four patients during puberty due to orthodontic treatment planning were analyzed. The extracted teeth, fixed in 4% neutral buffered formaldehyde for 5 days, were decalcified in 0.

Cervical vertebrae, cranial base, and mandibular retrognathia in human triploid fetuses.

On profile radiographs of adults, an association between fusions of cervical vertebrae, deviations in the cranial base and mandibular retrognathia has been documented radiographically. An elaboration of this association on a histological level is needed. In human triploid fetuses severe mandibular retrognathia and deviations in the cranial base have previously been described radiographically (without cephalometry) and cervical column fusions radiographically as well as histologically.

Association between the development of the body axis and the craniofacial skeleton studied by immunohistochemical analyses using collagen II, Pax9, Pax1, and Noggin antibodies.

Study Design: Immunohistochemical analyses on the axial skeleton from wild type mice.

Objective: In the clinic, we have previously observed cervical spine defects associated with deviations in the posterior part of the occipital bone and with morphologic and functional variations in the craniofacial skeleton. As examples, cervical spine fusions occurred frequently in patients with mandibular overjet and even more frequently and more caudally in the cervical spine in patients with sleep apnoea.

Detection of microRNAs in frozen tissue sections by fluorescence in situ hybridization using locked nucleic acid probes and tyramide signal amplification.

The ability to determine spatial and temporal microRNA (miRNA) accumulation at the tissue, cell and subcellular levels is essential for understanding the biological roles of miRNAs and miRNA-associated gene regulatory networks. This protocol describes a method for fast and effective detection of miRNAs in frozen tissue sections using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The method combines the unique miRNA recognition properties of locked nucleic acid (LNA)-modified oligonucleotide probes with FISH using the tyramide signal amplification (TSA) technology.

Immunohistochemical localization of epithelial rests of Malassez in human periodontal membrane.

The aim of the present study was to describe the localization and extension of epithelial rests of Malassez (ERM) in the periodontal membrane (PDM) in normal human third molars. The material consisted of 24 normally developed human third molars surgically removed from patients with an age range from 15 to 27 years (six females and six males). The root lengths were developed from close to half-length to complete apex closure.

Immunohistochemical expression of p63 in human prenatal tooth primordia.

The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the p63 gene in normal human tooth buds at different gestational stages. This is the first detailed study of p63 expression in normal human prenatal tooth primordia. The material consisted of sections of the midaxial tissue block from the cranial base of three human fetuses of gestational ages (GA) 11, 15, and 21 weeks.

Human prenatal nasal bone lengths: normal standards and length values in fetuses with cleft lip and cleft palate.

Objective: The aim of this study was to present prenatal autopsy standards for nasal bone length in normal fetuses, as well as to compare nasal bone lengths in human fetuses with cleft lip and palate with those standards.

Material And Methods: The material consisted of human fetuses investigated in connection with diagnosed and legally approved abortions and spontaneous abortions; 40 were normal and 26 had cleft lip and palate (7 isolated cleft lip, 12 isolated cleft palate, and 7 combined cleft lip and palate). Menstrual ages (MA) ranged from 12 to 25 weeks, crown-rump length (CRL) from 55 to 210 mm and foot length (FL) from 7 to 44 mm.

Abnormal vomer development in human fetuses with isolated cleft palate.

Objective: The aim of this study was to elucidate the prenatal human development of the vomer with emphasis on the vomeral footplate and to assess vomeral morphology in fetuses with isolated cleft palate.

Material And Methods: Nine human fetuses of which four were normal (menstrual age [MA] 13 to 21 weeks) and five with isolated cleft palate (14 to 19 weeks MA) were studied. Midaxial cranial tissue blocks from the fetuses were cut frontally in 4microm serial sections.

p75-NGFR expression in the human prenatal pituitary gland.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the distribution of nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) in the prenatal human pituitary gland until 21 weeks of gestation. Eight fetuses, with gestational ages from 13 to 21 weeks, were examined. The midaxial tissue block from the cranial base, including the pituitary gland and the sella turcica, was excised from the fetuses.

Nerve growth factor receptor immunolocalization during human palate and tongue development.

Objective: To investigate the temporospatial pattern of nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR) immunolocalization during human palatal closure.

Materials: Human palate and tongue tissues from 33 embryos/fetuses, 9 to 22 weeks of fertilization age.

Methods: Tissues were divided according to developmental stage and palatal development (before, during, and after closure) and then subjected to decalcification, paraffin embedding, serial sectioning, survey staining, and p75NGFR immunohistochemical staining.

Histological examinations of bone and cartilage in the axial skeleton of human triploidy fetuses.

The aim of this study was to examine histologically bone and cartilage in vertebral corpora of axial skeletons of eight human triploid fetuses, gestational ages 14-25 weeks, CRL 100-200 mm. The results were compared to earlier studies on vertebral development in trisomies 21, 18, 13, and to normal corpora development. After radiography in frontal and lateral projections, the vertebral column was sectioned into cervical, thoracic and lumbar segments, decalcified, dehydrated, and embedded in paraffin.