Focus on Guanfacine Extended-release: A Review of its Use in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

Objective: To review the basic pharmacology and published literature regarding use of guanfacine extended-release (GXR) for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents.

Methods: A LITERATURE REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED USING THE SEARCH TERMS: 'guanfacine', with limits set to: Human trials, English Language, and All Child (Age 0-18). Articles pertaining to guanfacine immediate-release or for indications other than attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were not included for analysis.

Focus on Lisdexamfetamine: A Review of its use in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

Objective: To summarize and review published literature regarding lisdexamfetamine and its use in child and adolescent psychiatry.

Method: A LITERATURE REVIEW WAS CONDUCTED USING THE PUBMED SEARCH TERM: 'lisdexamfetamine' with limits: Human trials, English language, All Child (aged 0-18 years). Additional articles were identified from reference information and poster presentation data.

The human dimension: how the prefrontal cortex modulates the subcortical fear response.

Numerous studies suggest that the amygdala is critical for the acquisition and expression of fear. Conditioned fear in animals has been considered a good model for human anxiety disorders, but animal models of anxiety have several limitations. Conditioned fear in animals can be directed to a specific stressor and is easily extinguished.