[First trimester diagnosis of encephalocele--report of two cases and review of the literature].

The authors present two cases of encephalocele, diagnosed at 11(+0)-13(+6) wks scan. Case 1: Occipital encephalocele (max diameter 14 mm) without brain tissue was diagnosed at 12 wks. At 35 wks bilateral ventriculomegaly was additionally found.

[Evaluation of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta hCG) levels and sonographic assesement of fetal nuchal translucency (NT) in singleton pregnancies between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation--Polish multi-centre research].

Unlabelled: Evaluation of pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta hCG) levels and sonographic assessment of fetal nuchal translucency (NT) in singleton pregnancies between 11 and 14 weeks of gestation--Poland's multi-centers research.

Objectives: Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A has been reported to be low in Down syndrome affected pregnancies during the first trimester of pregnancy. Enlarged nuchal translucency (NT) is observed in about 80% of fetuses affected with chromosomal abnormalities and congenital heart defects (CHD).

Ultrasonographic assessment of fetal nuchal translucency (NT) at 11th and 14th week of gestation--Polish multicentre study.

Unlabelled: THE AIMS OF THE STUDY WERE: To evaluate range and median values of NT in a large, unselected Polish population; to determine the value of the 95th percentile and the median values for NT for given weeks of late 1st trimester pregnancy and to determine the level of chromosomal aberration risk corresponding to the values of the 95th percentile in the examined groups; to examine the possible correlation between CRL, NT width as well as the mother's age with the risk of the most frequent chromosomal aberrations.

Material & Methods: We have retrospective analyzed 7,866 pregnant women. All fetuses of this women had NT measurement performed, as well as CRL and assessed of the most frequent chromosomal abnormalities.

[Prenatal ultrasound findings in complete trisomy 9].

This case report describes a 40-year-old woman, primigravida. On 13,3 weeks of gestation we diagnosed an abnormal flow pattern in the umbilical artery and abnormal hyperechogenic structure in fetal abdomen. In next sonographic examination on 16 weeks of gestation we diagnosed ventriculomegaly and ahydramnion.

[PI index value in fetal ductus venosus blood flow at 11-14 weeks in normal course of pregnancy].

Objective: Development of ultrasound diagnostic with Doppler examination allows early and and more precise assessement of fetal anatomy and well-being.

Design: Evaluation of blood flow parameters in fetal ductus venosus between 11 and 14 weeks of pregnancy was performed.

Material And Methods: Fetal anatomy, nuchal translucency, nasal bone and ductus venosus blood flow has been studied with transabdominal probe in 225 consecutive fetuses according to Fetal Medicine Foundation recommendations.

[Assessment of blood flow in the middle cerebral artery and the umbilical artery in fetuses with umbilical venous pulsations].

Objectives: Umbilical venous pulsation is an important sign of hemodynamic compromise, especially during fetal heart failure and asphyxia.

Design: The aim of this study was to determine of the blow flow in the middle cerebral artery and the umbilical artery in fetuses with umbilical venous pulsations.

Materials And Methods: The investigation included 18 fetuses with signs of the intrauterine growth restriction and umbilical venous pulsations after 28th weeks of gestation.

[Doppler assessment of the fetal asphyxia in pregnancies complicated by gestational hypertension and intrauterine growth retardation].

Objectives: Gestational hypertension is associated with a high morbidity for both mother and fetus. Doppler ultrasound has allowed the fetal circulation to be examined. Now it is possible to monitor the response of the fetal circulation to hypoxia.

[Doppler analysis of fetal renal function in fetus with obstructive uropathy].

Objective: Proper prediction of obstructive uropathy consequences in the fetus before birth have remained to be the subject of numerous discussions and scientific research. The means to prevent destructive (life-threatening), irreversible prenatal uropathy results depend largely on early and appropriate defect recognition and since when consistent intrauterine treatment decreasing uropathy's negative effects is being implemented. The purpose of this study was to broaden prenatal diagnostics of urinary system in fetus by introducing new doppler parameters which enable to evaluate renal function in the case of obstructive uropathy.