Participation in Population Health Interventions by Older Adults in Poland: Barriers and Enablers.

Background: The participation of older adults in population health interventions constitutes a key factor in their physical, mental and social health. The aim of this study was to determine variables considered as enablers and barriers to participation in health programmes.

Methods: The conceptual framework of the study was developed and population health interventions were operationalised as health programmes.

Hospitalization for dog bites in Poland between 2006-2020.

Introduction And Objective: Owning a dog or spending time around a dog have many benefits, but also pose a risk of being bitten or attacked. Currently, publications on dog bites and related factors come from both high-income countries and low- and middle-income countries. So far, no attempt has been made to assess this phenomenon in Poland.

Dichotomy of lay people and health professionals perception of physical activity is a challenge for activity education and promotion within primary health care - a qualitative study.

Introduction: According to the WHO, healthy adults aged 18-64 should perform at least 150 min of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity (PA), or at least 75 min of vigorous-intensity PA, throughout the week, or an equivalent combination of moderate and vigorous activity. These recommendations should be promoted and involved in primary health care (PHC) staff daily practice. Tailoring the education message depends on peoples' perspective on PA, but in Poland there is no research on the subject.

Monitoring of community-acquired pneumonia hospitalisations before the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into Polish National Immunisation Programme (2009-2016): A nationwide retrospective database analysis.

Purpose: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a common infection with significant morbidity and mortality. In January 2017, Poland introduced pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) into their national immunisation programme to protect children against invasive pneumococcal disease. This study was designed to investigate pneumonia-related hospitalisation rates and trends from 2009 to 2016 prior to the introduction of nationally funded PCV vaccination.

Posting on „Nie szczepimy („We don’t vaccinate”) Internet forum.

Introduction: In Poland, there is a visible strengthening of hesitant attitudes towards vaccination, as well as institutionalization and politicization of hesitancy. The Internet is an important source of information about vaccinations. People who are looking for such information can find negative opinions on the web, so it is important to keep track of the content there.

Functioning of the various forms of mental health care in Poland in the years 2010-2013. Organizational, economic and financial aspects.

Objectives: The main objective of the study was to verify the hypothesis about the high growth rate of expenditure on the provision of mental health in the past few years. High dynamics of the expenditure increase will result in the development of a model of community psychiatry and a gradual move away from the hospital psychiatric treatment towards mental health care in the open system, including the community one.

Methods: This research is based on data on the implementation of services for mental health care in the framework of agreements with the National Health Fund, which has been collected in the NFZ IT system.

Public health physicians and dentists in Poland: results from public health workforce pilot study.

Background: Monitoring public health workforce is one of the essential functions of the public health system.

Objective: The aim of the study was to identify the specialities for physicians and dentists related to public health in the years 1951-2013, and analyse of available data on physicians and dentists certified as public health specialists (PHS) in 2003-2015.

Material And Methods: The historical analysis covers a relevant regulations of a minister in charge of health.

Hospitalization of injured immigrants in Poland - Utilization of in-patient services.

Introduction And Objective: In 2008-2010, the number of foreigners hospitalized due to injuries in Poland ranged from approximately 5-21 thousand. The aim of this study was to analyse the utilization of in-patient services by injured immigrants in 2008-2010, including mode of admission (i.e.

Hospitalization of injured immigrants in Poland - Demographic profile and diagnosis.

Introduction And Objective: More and more immigrants gradually come to Poland. Little is known, however, about their health situation or their injuries. The objective of this study was to analyse the cases of hospitalization of immigrants due to injuries in 2008-2010, including the number and demographic characteristics of the patients, as well as the nature of injury according to ICD-10 (S00-T98).

Is there the gap in public health literature in Europe?

Introduction And Objective: The growing expectations for the effectiveness of public health increase the demand for scientific literature, concerning research, reviews and other forms of information. The bibliographic databases are of crucial importance for researchers and policy makers. The objective of this study is to estimate the supply of scientific literature related to public health in selected European countries, which are available to a wide range of users.

The role of non-governmental organizations in the social and the health system.

The article presents the definitions, objectives, fields and tasks of non-governmental organizations in social life, health system and health policy. In addition, the article addresses the issue of effectiveness and quality of NGOs' activity. The term "NGOs" (Non-governmental Organizations) includes different categories of entities that operate not to obtain financial gain, and also do not belong to the government sector.

Associations and foundations in the field of health care and their role in the health system of Poland.

The article presents data on associations and foundations active in health care field in Poland, on the basis of a review of research done by Klon/Jawor Association and the Central Statistical Office. The article also applies to the issue of cooperation between NGOs and governmental adminstration in the health area and identifies lacking information that is necessary for better planning of national health policy. In Poland there are about three thousand associations and foundations whose main focus is the health care.

To govern the health or to make the bills of mortality--this is the question for public health in Poland.

In the article important moments in the development of public health at the global scale were presented, assuming that postwar evolution proceeded in two fundamental phases: the first--events which occurred to the proclamation of the Ottawa Charter and introduction of 'new public health' and the second--situations reported after Ottawa to the present time. The current challenges for public health in Poland were also discussed. It was proposed to differentiate two dimensions of public health capacity: internal (ad intra), which is with regard to the power centre, condition within the environment and external (ad extra), which refers to the relation with surroundings and population and enables to deliver sustain services and programmes.

[The role of science in policy making--EuSANH-ISA project, framework for science advice for health].

Governments and other authorities (including MPs) should be well informed on issues of science and technology. This is particularly important in the era of evidence-based practice. This implies the need to get expert advice.

[Martin Kacprzak (1888-1968)--non omnis moriar].

Aim: The purpose of this study was to present a scientific profile of Professor Martin Kacprzak with particular emphasis on his relationship with national Institute of Hygiene in Warsaw--where he was working for the longest time.

Material And Methods: Information derived from documentation from archives of National Institute of Hygiene (NIH), Medical University of Warsaw, magazine titled "Notatki Płockie", UN and WHO records, including records of the International Health Conference held in New York in 1946, and other sources.

Results: Martin Kacprzak was born in peasant family in Mazovia, at that time belonging to Russian Empire (Russian partition).

[Edward Grzegorzewski (1906-1982)--Poland's delegate to the founding conference of the World Health Organization].

Early years of Edward Grzegorzewski's professional work were associated with the National Institute of Hygiene (NIH) in Warsaw, Poland. This fact and Grzegorzewski's professional achievements and uniqueness of his life lead to dedicate him a separate article. A search of archival materials was guided by information from the prof.

[Salutogenesis--new approach to health and disease].

A. Antonovsky is the creator of salutogenesis. The theory was built on the ground of many, different sciences connected with health.

[Position of health at international relations. Part II. Organizational dimensions of health].

The aim of this article was: (1) the analysis of some concepts and definitions related with "set up of health", used in UN international arrangements; (2) an attempt to explain the evolution of organizational dimensions of health at worldwide agenda. The following organizational dimensions of health were discussed: (a) health for all, (b) health promotion, intersectoral and multisectoral actions, health in all policies, (c) health development, health as an element of human development, (d) investment for health, (e) health diplomacy and (f) mainstreaming of health. The analysis was based on World Health Assembly and UN General Assembly resolutions as well as supranational reports and statements available through conventional channels, not grey literature.

[Position of health at international relations. Part I. Structural dimensions of health].

In the article, the health is perceived as complex, multidimensional concept and not as absence of disease. This is consistent with public health perspective, where public health is regarded as public as well as political activity. It aims to solve health and social problems, depends on analysis of phenomena, needs the negotiations and relies on making decision on feasible directions of changes--what, why, how, where, when and by whom should be done.

[Public health in Poland before World War II--lesson learned].

The article discusses the most important legal acts regulating the activities of the institutions of public health in interwar period in Poland. Particular attention was paid to the Ministry of Public Health, municipal boards, the Office of the Extraordinary Commissioner for Combating Epidemics and the National Institute of Hygiene. The substantive scope of the Basic Sanitary Act of 19 July 1919 was presented.

[Specialisation programme in health promotion and health education in Poland versus core competencies in these fields].

Development of competent workforce is critical for health promotion capacity, performance and effectiveness. One track of validated education in this field in Poland is so called specialist training which is now to be altered. This paper reports broad context for specialist health promotion and health education training in Poland.

[Self-efficacy in health behaviour models for health education].

This article presents the overview of self-efficacy theory, description of self-efficacy measurement scale and meaning of self-efficacy in health behaviour change models. Health behaviour impact on health and quality of life of individuals and populations is direct. Shifting health behaviour into pro-health direction is multi-conditioned process and composes of complexity of phenomena involved.

[Public health courses in higher education in Poland in the European context].

One of the most important implication of the Bologna process is the inclusion of the European dimension to diverse areas of study to make them comparable throughout Europe. This is valid for public health education in higher education. In the article the comprehensive structure and content of public health education in 12 fields of study in Poland are presented.

[Learning outcomes in public health education in Poland according to international settlements].

The essential functions of the Polish public health system have never been officially defined and some approaches are visible. In the article existing foreign catalogues of essential public health functions (services) and core competences for public health professionals and students are presented. They were confronted with students' final skills in public health field of study, described in formal Polish educational standards.

[The Tallinn Charter: health systems for health and wealth].

The article presents main issues of Tallinn Charter (2008) that concerns functioning health systems, theirs influence on health and wealth of society. Health systems are diverse, but share common set of functions. Theirs effective performance contribute, not only to improving health, but also to participation in labour market and socioeconomical development of country.