Community carriage of ESBL-producing and : a cross-sectional study of risk factors and comparative genomics of carriage and clinical isolates.

The global prevalence of infections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) is increasing, and for , observations indicate that this is partly driven by community-onset cases. The ESBL-E population structure in the community is scarcely described, and data on risk factors for carriage are conflicting. Here, we report the prevalence and population structure of fecal ESBL-producing and (ESBL-Ec/Kp) in a general adult population, examine risk factors, and compare carriage isolates with contemporary clinical isolates.

Detection of human gut carriage: a comparison of culture, qPCR, and whole metagenomic sequencing methods.

is an important opportunistic healthcare-associated pathogen and major contributor to the global spread of antimicrobial resistance. Gastrointestinal colonization with is a major predisposing risk factor for infection and forms an important hub for the dispersal of resistance. Current culture-based detection methods are time consuming, give limited intra-sample abundance and strain diversity information, and have uncertain sensitivity.

The emerging picture of the mitochondrial protein import complexes of Amoebozoa supergroup.

Background: The existence of mitochondria-related organelles (MROs) is proposed for eukaryotic organisms. The Amoebozoa includes some organisms that are known to have mitosomes but also organisms that have aerobic mitochondria. However, the mitochondrial protein apparatus of this supergroup remains largely unsampled, except for the mitochondrial outer membrane import complexes studied recently.

Protein import complexes in the mitochondrial outer membrane of Amoebozoa representatives.

Background: An ancestral trait of eukaryotic cells is the presence of mitochondria as an essential element for function and survival. Proper functioning of mitochondria depends on the import of nearly all proteins that is performed by complexes located in both mitochondrial membranes. The complexes have been proposed to contain subunits formed by proteins common to all eukaryotes and additional subunits regarded as lineage specific.

The TOM Complex of Amoebozoans: the Cases of the Amoeba Acanthamoeba castellanii and the Slime Mold Dictyostelium discoideum.

Protein import into mitochondria requires a wide variety of proteins, forming complexes in both mitochondrial membranes. The TOM complex (translocase of the outer membrane) is responsible for decoding of targeting signals, translocation of imported proteins across or into the outer membrane, and their subsequent sorting. Thus the TOM complex is regarded as the main gate into mitochondria for imported proteins.

Amoebozoa possess lineage-specific globin gene repertoires gained by individual horizontal gene transfers.

The Amoebozoa represent a clade of unicellular amoeboid organisms that display a wide variety of lifestyles, including free-living and parasitic species. For example, the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has the ability to aggregate into a multicellular fruiting body upon starvation, while the pathogenic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica is a parasite of humans. Globins are small heme proteins that are present in almost all extant organisms.