Immunological Profile and Predisposition to Autoimmunity in Girls With Turner Syndrome.

Objective: The risk of autoimmune diseases (AD) in patients with Turner Syndrome (TS) is twice higher than in the general female population and four times higher than in the male population. The causes of the increased incidence of AD in TS are still under discussion. We hypothesized the presence of a specific humoral, cellular, and regulatory T cell (Treg) immunity profile which predisposes to AD, disorders of immunity, and disorders of immune regulation.

Urinary glycosaminoglycan (uGAG) excretion in healthy pediatric and adolescent population.

Objectives: The influence of age and gender factor on the urinary excretion of total glycosaminoglycans (uGAGs) and their particular types: chondroitin/dermatan sulfates (CS/DSs), heparan sulfates (HSs) and hyaluronan (HA) was analyzed in healthy pediatric and adolescent population.

Design And Methods: Urine samples were collected from 95 healthy children. Sulfated GAGs excreted in the urine were quantitated using standardized dye-binding method, while the concentrations of HA were determined by immunoassay.

[Osteoporosis--pathophysiology and laboratory diagnostic methods].

Osteoporosis is the most common systemic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass, increased bone turnover, and subsequent increased susceptibility to fracture. The aim of this paper was to present a molecular basis of bone remodeling, pathogenesis and different types of osteoporosis. Diagnostic studies, including bone densitometry and laboratory analysis were also reviewed.