Direct Reductive Amination of HMF to 5-(Aminomethyl)-2-furanmethanol Using Supported Iridium-based Catalysts.

In this work, partial reductive amination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) with gaseous ammonia over iridium supported on γ-AlO, TiO, SiO and carbon has been studied. The influence of the support and pressure was investigated in the valorization under mild conditions of HMF to 5-(aminomethyl)-2-furanmethanol (AMFM). The catalysts were characterized by TEM, SEM-EDS, N sorption Isotherms, TGA, CO-Chemisorption, TPR, XRD, NH-TPD, ICP-AES and XPS.

Catalytic Hydrogenation/Hydrogenolysis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Dimethylfuran.

Recent developments in transformations of biobased 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-dimethylfuran, a potential liquid fuel, are critically summarized. The highest yield of 2,5-dimethylfuran (more than 98 %) from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural are obtained over bimetallic Cu-Co supported on carbon at 180 °C under 5 bar hydrogen in 2-propanol and over Ni supported on mesoporous carbon at 200 °C under 30 bar hydrogen in water in a batch reactor. The desired catalyst should have relatively high metal dispersion and some acidity to facilitate both hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis.

Orofacial characteristics of the very low-birth-weight preterm infants.

Objective: To evaluate the orofacial characteristics of very low-birth-weight preterm infants through anthropometric facial measures, orofacial anteroposterior analysis and the relationship between the gum pads.

Method: Orofacial examinations was performed in 154 infants, classified into two groups: Group A comprised 54 very low-birth-weight infants who were examined after clinical stabilization and before hospital discharge, and Group B comprised 100 full-term infants.

Results: The average anthropometricmeasurements in millimetres for Group A and Group B were as follows: upper third:30.