Influence of prior determination of baseline minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane on the effect of ketamine on MAC in dogs.

The objective of this study was to determine if prior measurement of the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane influences the effect of ketamine on the MAC of isoflurane in dogs. Eight mixed-breed dogs were studied on 2 occasions. Anesthesia was induced and maintained using isoflurane.

Prior determination of baseline minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane does not influence the effect of ketamine on MAC in rabbits.

The objective of this study was to compare the effect on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane when ketamine was administered either after or without prior determination of the baseline MAC of isoflurane in rabbits. Using a prospective randomized crossover study, 8 adult, female New Zealand rabbits were allocated to 2 treatment groups. Anesthesia was induced and maintained with isoflurane.

The impact of acepromazine on the efficacy of crystalloid, dextran or ephedrine treatment in hypotensive dogs under isoflurane anesthesia.

Objective: To determine the impact of acepromazine on the cardiovascular responses to three treatments for hypotension in dogs during deep isoflurane anesthesia.

Study Design: Prospective blinded randomized cross-over experimental design.

Animals: Six adult (2.

Positive pressure ventilation during anesthesia in dogs: Assessment of surface area derived tidal volume.

The purpose of this study was to assess the use of surface area derived tidal volume in anesthetized ventilated dogs (n = 71, random assignment) compared to settings by experienced personnel. There was no significant difference (P = 0.1030) between methods (p(a)CO(2) of 43.

The use of vascular access ports for blood collection in feline blood donors.

We investigated vascular access ports for feline blood donation. Eight cats were anesthetized for conventional blood collection by jugular venipuncture at the beginning and end of the study. In-between conventional collections, vascular access ports were used for collection with or without sedation every 6 to 8 wk for 6 mo.

The cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic induction with isoflurane, ketamine-diazepam or propofol-diazepam in the hypovolemic dog.

Objective: To evaluate and compare the cardiopulmonary effects of induction of anesthesia with isoflurane (Iso), ketamine-diazepam (KD), or propofol-diazepam (PD) in hypovolemic dogs. Study design Prospective randomized cross-over trial.

Animals: Six healthy intact, mixed breed, female dogs weighing 20.

Analgesia and chemical restraint for the emergent veterinary patient.

Frequently, analgesics are withheld in the emergent patient based on common misconceptions. Concerns expressed are that analgesics "mask" physiologic indicators of patient deterioration or that potential toxicity and adverse reactions associated with drug administration outweigh the benefits gained. Appropriate selection of drugs and doses as described in this article allow the veterinarian to achieve analgesia, in addition to sedation or restraint when needed, without unwarranted fears.

Perioperative pain management in veterinary patients.

Pain exists; however, we can prevent it, and we can treat it. The fallacy that pain is protective and must be allowed to avoid risk for damage after surgery needs to be eradicated. Preoperative and postoperative analgesia is directed at aching pain, whereas sharp pain associated with inappropriate movements persists.

Cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic induction with thiopental, propofol, or a combination of ketamine hydrochloride and diazepam in dogs sedated with a combination of medetomidine and hydromorphone.

Objective: To evaluate the cardiopulmonary effects of anesthetic induction with thiopental, propofol, or ketamine hydrochloride and diazepam in dogs sedated with medetomidine and hydromorphone.

Animals: 6 healthy adult dogs.

Procedures: Dogs received 3 induction regimens in a randomized crossover study.

Use of ephedrine and dopamine in dogs for the management of hypotension in routine clinical cases under isoflurane anesthesia.

Objective: To determine the cardiovascular responses of ephedrine and dopamine for the management of presurgical hypotension in anesthetized dogs.

Study Design: Prospective, randomized, clinical trial.

Animals: Twelve healthy client-owned dogs admitted for orthopedic surgery; six per group

Methods: Prior to surgery, 58 anesthetized dogs were monitored for hypotension [mean arterial pressure (MAP) <60 mmHg] that was not associated with bradycardia or excessive anesthetic depth.

Response of hypotensive dogs to dopamine hydrochloride and dobutamine hydrochloride during deep isoflurane anesthesia.

Objective: To evaluate the dose-related cardiovascular and urine output (UrO) effects of dopamine hydrochloride and dobutamine hydrochloride, administered individually and in combination at various ratios, and identify individual doses that achieve target mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; 70 mm Hg) and cardiac index (CI; 150 mL/kg/min) in dogs during deep isoflurane anesthesia.

Animals: 10 young clinically normal dogs.

Procedures: Following isoflurane equilibration at a baseline MAP of 50 mm Hg on 3 occasions, dogs randomly received IV administration of dopamine (3, 7, 10, 15, and 20 microg/kg/min), dobutamine (1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 microg/kg/min), and dopamine-dobutamine combinations (3.

The effect of hypovolemia due to hemorrhage on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in the dog.

Objective: To determine the effect of hypovolemia on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in the dog.

Study Design: Randomized, cross-over trial.

Animal Population: Six healthy intact mixed breed female dogs weighing 18.

Impact of dopamine or dobutamine infusions on cardiovascular variables after rapid blood loss and volume replacement during isoflurane-induced anesthesia in dogs.

Objective: To determine the cardiovascular effects of dopamine and dobutamine infusions during nor-movolemia, hypovolemia (HV) through blood loss of 10 mL/kg (HV(10)), further loss to 25 mL/kg (HV(25)), and volume replacement (VR) in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.

Animals: 7 healthy young dogs.

Procedures: Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane 2 times (3 weeks apart).

Delay in final publication following abstract presentation: American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists annual meeting.

Rationale For The Study: A review of abstracts presented at nine annual meetings of the American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologists was undertaken to determine the average time to publication and the differences found between conference abstracts and final publications. Concerns about and advantages of using such abstracts in our teaching are considered.

Methodology: Conference proceedings during the years 1990 through 1999 were considered.

Effects of oxymorphone and hydromorphone on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in dogs.

Objectives: To quantify the change in the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane (ISO) associated with oxymorphone (OXY) or hydromorphone (HYDRO) in dogs.

Design: Randomized crossover study with at least 1 week between assessments.

Animals: Six young, healthy, mixed-breed dogs (1-3 years old), weighing 24.

Comparison of arterial pressure waveform analysis with the lithium dilution technique to monitor cardiac output in anesthetized dogs.

Objective: To assess agreement between arterial pressure waveform-derived cardiac output (PCO) and lithium dilution cardiac output (LiDCO) systems in measurements of various levels of cardiac output (CO) induced by changes in anesthetic depth and administration of inotropic drugs in dogs.

Animals: 6 healthy dogs.

Procedure: Dogs were anesthetized on 2 occasions separated by at least 5 days.

Anesthetic potency of sevoflurane with and without nitrous oxide in mechanically ventilated Dumeril monitors.

Objective: To determine the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane and assess the sevoflurane-sparing effect of coadministration of nitrous oxide in mechanically ventilated Dumeril monitors (Varanus dumerili).

Design: Prospective crossover study.

Animals: 10 healthy adult Dumeril monitors.

Evaluation of induction by use of a combination of oxymorphone and diazepam or hydromorphone and diazepam and maintenance of anesthesia by use of isoflurane in dogs with experimentally induced hypovolemia.

Objective: To compare induction with hydromorphone and diazepam (HydroD) or oxymorphone and diazepam (OxyD) followed by maintenance with isoflurane in dogs with induced hypovolemia.

Animals: 6 healthy mixed-breed dogs.

Procedure: The study used a crossover design.

Analgesia and chemical restraint for the emergent patient.

This article discusses analgesia and chemical restraint for the emergency patient. As illness or injury affect all organ systems, specific recommendations and considerations of analgesic, anesthetic, and restraining regimens are presented. As animals of all ages, from neonates to geriatric and those that are pregnant or lactating,may require management of their illness or injury, recommendations for these patients are also presented.

Effect of meloxicam and carprofen on renal function when administered to healthy dogs prior to anesthesia and painful stimulation.

Objective: To determine whether administration of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs meloxicam or carprofen to healthy dogs that were subsequently anesthetized and subjected to painful electrical stimulation has adverse effects on renal function as measured by glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and evaluation of serum concentrations of urea and creatinine.

Animals: 6 male and 6 female healthy young-adult Beagles.

Procedure: A study was conducted in accordance with a randomized crossover Latin-square design.

Anesthetic equipment fault leading to hypercapnia in a cat.

Spontaneous ventilation during positive pressure ventilation was observed in a 4-year-old DSH cat maintained under general anesthesia with isoflurane delivered with a nonrebreathing system. This was accompanied by an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. On investigation, neither an inadequate plane of anesthesia, nor hypoxemia, nor hyperthermia was present.

Non-linear, visual-rich supplemental material designed for an introductory course in veterinary anesthesia.

A possible reason for superficial learning in an introductory anesthesia course was considered to be a lack of visual reinforcement at the time of examination preparation. Students had limited access to live animal laboratories and clinical cases during the course, reducing their ability to depend on experiential learning. In an attempt to improve student learning, simple presentation software was used to develop a supplemental CD.