Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Recent studies suggest that among cognitively unimpaired older adults, there are individuals who might present with subtle cognitive impairments suggesting the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD; Bos et al., 2018). The Visual Short-Term Memory Binding Test (VSTMBT) identifies older adults who are accumulating AD pathology even though they are otherwise cognitively unimpaired (Parra et al.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Traditional neuropsychological assessments have proved insensitive to identify the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Such a barrier has proved more challenging when assessing individuals from underrepresented populations (Parra et al., 2018; 2020; 2022).